Creating a spreadsheet - overview
Creating a spreadsheet	 1 of 5

Overview

The process of creating a spreadsheet includes creating a new spreadsheet file, designing how the spreadsheet will work and look, entering information, and naming and saving your spreadsheet.

Related information

Lesson:  Introducing the Spreadsheet

Lesson:  Introducing the tools together

Lesson:  Putting it all together

Using WorksWizards


Creating a new spreadsheet
Creating a spreadsheet	 2 of 5

Creating a new spreadsheet

When you first create a new spreadsheet, Works displays a blank spreadsheet, titled Sheet1.  You can immediately begin entering and formatting information.

Soon after creating a new spreadsheet, remember to name and save it.  Thereafter, save frequently to avoid losing your work.

How to

Create a new spreadsheet

Related information

Creating, naming, and saving documents


Entering information
Creating a spreadsheet	 3 of 5

Entering information

Each spreadsheet cell can contain one entry: either text or a date, time, number, or formula.  You enter information by moving the highlight to the cell you want and typing.

Before you begin entering information in your new spreadsheet, think about how you will arrange your spreadsheet, and about its purpose and structure.  Changes can be kept to a minimum by planning ahead, especially when you plan a large or complex spreadsheet.

more...


Entering information, cont.
Creating a spreadsheet	 4 of 5

Entering information, cont.

Ask yourself:  what sections will the spreadsheet have?  How many rows and columns?  What and where will the titles be?  What kinds of numbers will I use? What are their relationships?  Which formulas and functions do I need?  How many pages will there be?

How to

Enter information

Related information

Background:  Tips for spreadsheet design

Lesson:  Entering text and numbers

Text	Numbers

Dates and times	Formulas


Naming and saving a spreadsheet
Creating a spreadsheet	 5 of 5

Naming and saving a spreadsheet

Until you save a spreadsheet, all your work during the work session is temporarily held in the computer's memory.  Should there be a sudden power loss, you would lose this work.  To prevent this, save the spreadsheet on a disk and save frequently.

When you first save a spreadsheet, Works displays the Save As dialog box.  You can simply name the spreadsheet and save it, or you can also change the directory you want to save the spreadsheet in, choose a different file format, choose to make a backup copy, or choose to save the file as a template.

How to

Name and save a spreadsheet

Related information

Saving for another application	Naming and saving a document


Changing a spreadsheet's structure - overview
Changing a spreadsheet's structure	 1 of 5

Overview

As you design and use your spreadsheet, you may want to change its structure.  For example, you can insert or delete rows or columns, change the width of columns, and hide or show columns.  For information on changing your spreadsheet's entries, see Related Infomation topics below.

Related information

Lesson:  Changing your spreadsheet

Editing an entry	Copying entries

Removing entries	Moving entries


Changing column width
Changing a spreadsheet's structure	 2 of 5

Changing column width

The columns in a spreadsheet are preset to a width of 10 characters.  You can make columns wider or narrower.

How to

Change column width

Related information

Changing the appearance of entries


Hiding and showing a column
Changing a spreadsheet's structure	 3 of 5

Hiding and showing a column

When you want to hide extraneous text, values, or calculations; help compare separated columns; or prevent specific columns from printing; you can hide columns by changing their width to 0.

A hidden column does not appear on the screen and does not print.  You cannot use arrow keys to move the highlight to a hidden column.  Works does not search in hidden columns.

How to

Hide a column

Display a hidden column

Related information

Highlighting cells


Inserting a row or column
Changing a spreadsheet's structure	 4 of 5

Inserting a row or column

To provide space for additional information or to separate sections of your spreadsheet, you can insert blank rows and columns.

When you insert a row, Works inserts a blank row above the highlighted row .  When you insert a column, Works inserts a blank column to the left of the highlighted column.

How to

Insert a row or column

Related information

Removing entries

Moving entries


Deleting a row or column
Changing a spreadsheet's structure	 5 of 5

Deleting a row or column

When you delete a row or column, all the entries in that row or column are deleted.  When you delete a row, the rows below shift up.  When you delete a column, the columns to the right shift left.

Works adjusts cell references to compensate for deleted rows and columns.

How to

Delete a row or column

Related information

Removing entries	Moving entries


Moving within a spreadsheet - overview
Moving within a spreadsheet	 1 of 5

Overview

Before you can enter, edit, or format any information, you need to highlight the cell or range you want to work with.

Related information

Finding entries	Highlighting cells


Using the mouse
Moving within a spreadsheet	 2 of 5

Using the mouse

Although you can perform all spreadsheet tasks with the keyboard, the mouse is especially efficient for moving and highlighting in the spreadsheet.

How to

Move using the mouse

Related information

Highlighting cells


Using the keyboard
Moving within a spreadsheet	 3 of 5

Using the keyboard

You can highlight any cell or range of cells in a spreadsheet using the keyboard.  You can also use the keyboard to scroll through the spreadsheet without highlighting cells.

How to

Move using the keyboard

Related information

Highlighting cells


Going directly to a cell or range
Moving within a spreadsheet	 4 of 5

Going directly to a cell or range

You can move directly to a cell reference, range reference, or range name.  This is helpful when you are working with a large spreadsheet.

How to

Go directly to a cell or range

Related information

Finding entries

Highlighting cells


Freezing row and column titles
Moving within a spreadsheet	 5 of 5

Freezing row and column titles

You can freeze row and column titles so they remain in the window while you move through other parts of a spreadsheet.  Freezing affects all rows and columns above and to the left of the highlight.

You cannot use the arrow keys to move the highlight into frozen rows or columns.  However, you can use the mouse or the Go To command.

How to

Freeze row or column titles


Highlighting cells - overview
Highlighting cells	 1 of 2

Overview

Highlighting is how you tell Works which cells you want to work with.  You first highlight a cell or cells, and then choose a command to act on that part of your spreadsheet.  For example, you highlight cells before you edit them or copy their entries.

In the above illustration, cells B3, B4, C3, and C4 are highlighted.  You can highlight a cell, a range, a row, a column, or the entire spreadsheet.

more...


Highlighting cells - overview, cont.
Highlighting cells	 2 of 2

Overview, cont.

You can highlight cells several ways using either the keyboard or the mouse.  Whichever method you use, Works displays the reference of the highlighted cell or cells at the left end of the formula bar.

	Examples   Cell   Range   Row   Column   Spreadsheet
How to

Highlight a cell

Highlight a row or column

Highlight a range

Highlight the entire spreadsheet

Related information

Moving within a spreadsheet


Text - overview
Text	 1 of 3

Overview

Text is any character that Works does not interpret as a formula, number, date, time, logical value, or error value.  Use text to label other entries or create titles.  You can move and format text, but Works does not perform calculations on text.

Related information

Lesson:  Entering text and numbers

Numbers

Dates and times

Formulas


Entering text
Text	 2 of 3

Entering text

When you enter text, Works inserts a quotation mark before the entry in the formula bar.  This indicates that Works has interpreted the entry as text--not a number or formula.  Text entries include letters or words as well as phone numbers and addresses.

Some entries that you might think of as text, such as dates and times, are stored as numbers.  You can use these entries in formulas to determine how much time has elapsed, for example, or to figure out how many days a payment is overdue.

more...


Entering text, cont.
Text	 3 of 3

Entering text, cont.

If you enter text that is too wide for a cell, Works displays the excess text in the cells to the right if they are empty.

If the cells to the right are not empty, Works displays only as much text as fits.  You can also enter text within a predetermined range of cells.

How to

Enter text

Enter text in a range

Related information

Editing an entry

Changing the appearance of entries


Numbers - overview
Numbers	 1 of 5

Overview

You can enter a number to express a quantity, or use numbers in formulas to perform calculations.  You can change a cell's number format so that it automatically displays numbers a certain way.  For example, when you type 1234 into a cell that has the Currency format, Works displays $1,234.00.

Related information

Lesson:  Entering text and numbers

Text

Dates and times

Formulas


Entering a number
Numbers	 2 of 5

Entering a number

Until you change to another number format, Works displays all numbers using General format.  In this format, numbers are displayed as precisely as possible given the width of the cell.

To change the way a number appears--with or without commas, dollar or percent signs, and so on--all you have to do is change the number format and Works automatically changes the number for you.

You can also highlight a range of cells and then enter numbers in just those cells.

How to

Enter a number	Change the number format

Enter numbers in a range

Related information

Editing an entry


Changing the number format
Numbers	 3 of 5

Changing the number format

You can change the way a cell displays a number by formatting the cell either before or after you enter data into it.  Works provides eight number formats to choose from.  Unless you specify another format, Works displays numbers in General format.

	Examples General Fixed Currency Comma Percent Exponential Leading Zeros True/False
How to

Change the number format

Related information

Changing the international settings

Dates and times


Entering a series of numbers
Numbers	 4 of 5

Entering a series of numbers

You can automatically fill any number of cells with a series of numbers or dates.  For instance, you can number entries in a table or date sequential events.

more...


Entering a series of numbers, cont.
Numbers	 5 of 5

Entering a series of numbers, cont.

In addition, you can specify a Step By value that determines the increment for the series. (Works proposes 1.)

A series must be in a single row or column.  To change to another number format, see How to Change the Number Format.

How to

Enter a series

Change the number format

Related information

Entering a series of dates


Dates and times - overview
Dates and times	 1 of 8

Overview

You can enter dates and times to track events or use them in formulas to determine elapsed time.

Related information

Lesson:  Entering text and numbers


Entering and formatting dates and times
Dates and Times	 2 of 8

Entering and formatting dates and times

The Works calendar begins with January 1, 1900 and ends with June 3, 2079.  You can enter dates and times in a variety of formats, as shown in the table below.

When you enter a date or time Works stores the entry as a number, and you can use it in formulas to perform calculations--for example to determine elapsed time.  However if you enter a date or time in a format Works does not recognize or a date that is outside Works' calendar range, the entry is stored as text.  You cannot perform calculations on text entries.

more...


Entering and formatting dates and times, cont.
Dates and Times	 3 of 8

Entering and formatting dates and times, cont.

The way that dates, times, and numbers are displayed also depends on the country you selected when you first installed Windows.  For information on selecting a different country, see Changing the International Settings.

When you type the date or time in a cell for the first time, you establish the format for that cell, even if you type in a different date or time later.  However, you can change the format anytime.  For information on adding the date or time automatically when you print your document, see Headers and Footers.

How to

Enter a date or time

Change the date or time format

Related information

Background:  Dates

Background:  Times

Changing the international settings

Headers and footers


Entering the current date or time
Dates and times	 4 of 8

Entering the current date or time

Instead of typing the current date or time, you can have Works insert it using one of the following methods.  If you want to:

Insert the current date or time, use shortcut keys.

Insert a date or time that is automatically updated, use the NOW function in a formula.  For example:

How to

Enter the current date or time using shortcut keys

Enter an updating date or time

Change the date or time format


Using dates in formulas
Dates and times	 5 of 8

Using dates in formulas

You can use dates in formulas, for example, to determine the number of elapsed days in a project.

As with other formulas, it is best to type the formula using cell references rather than the dates themselves.  Example:  type =B2-A2 instead of ='10/9/91'-'10/1/91'.  For more information, see Referring to a Cell or Range.

Note:  If you want to use a specific date directly in a formula, use the month/day/year short format and enclose the date within single quotation marks.  Example:  =B2-'10/1/91'

How to

Enter a formula

Related information

Background:  Dates

Formulas

Referring to a cell or range


Using times in formulas
Dates and times	 6 of 8

Using times in formulas

You can determine the amount of elapsed time by using times in formulas.

As with other formulas, it is best to type the formula using cell references rather than the times themselves.  Example:  type =(B2-A2)*24 instead of = ('3:45:00 PM' -'8:00:00 AM')*24.  For more information, see Referring to a cell or range.

To figure the number of hours, multiply Finish-Start (B2-A2) by 24 (the hours in a day).  For more information, see Background:  Times.

Note:  If you want to use a time directly in a formula, use the hour:minute:second, 12 or 24 hour format and enclose the time within single quotation marks.  Example:  =B2-'8:00:00 AM'

Related information

Background:  Times

Formulas

Referring to a cell or range


Entering a series of dates
Dates and Times	 7 of 8

Entering a series of dates

You can automatically fill any number of cells with a series of dates.  For instance, you can date sequential events.  The series can be in units of:

more...


Entering a series of dates, cont.
Dates and times	 8 of 8

Entering a series of dates, cont.

In addition, you can specify a Step By value that determines the increment for the series. (Works proposes 1.)

A series must be in a single row or column.  You can use any of the date formats Works recognizes.  To change to another format, see How to Change the Date or Time Format.

How to

Enter a series

Change the date or time format

Related information

Entering a series of numbers


Formulas - overview
Formulas	 1 of 8

Overview

You use formulas for all spreadsheet calculations, such as adding the values in cells, calculating interest, and totaling columns.

Related information

Lesson:  Adding formulas and functions

Functions

Referring to a cell or range

Naming a cell or range


What is a formula?
Formulas	 2 of 8

What is a formula?

A formula is an equation that calculates a new value from existing values.  A formula always begins with an equal sign (=). Formulas can contain:

more...


What is a formula?, cont.
Formulas	 3 of 8

What is a formula?, cont.

Using a formula to calculate the contents of one cell based on another:

	Before   After

If you enter the formula =B3+C3 in the cell D3, Works adds the value in cell B3 to the value in cell C3 and then enters the result in D3.

more...


What is a formula?, cont.
Formulas	 4 of 8

What is a formula?, cont.

Using a formula to keep a running total or insert an incrementing value:

	Before   After
If you type a formula and copy it by filling down, Works adjusts the formula's references in all the filled cells.  For example, if you type the formula =D2-B3+C3 in cell D3 and then fill down, Works calculates the new balance in each row using the previous balance from the row above.  This is how you can keep a running total.

Related information

Background:  How Works evaluates a formula

Functions


Entering a formula
Formulas	 5 of 8

Entering a formula

To perform a calculation using existing values, you can type a formula in a cell.  Unless you specify otherwise, a cell displays the value that a formula calculates.  Works displays the formula of the active cell in the formula bar.

How to

Enter a formula

Related information

Background:  How Works evaluates a formula

Editing an entry

Functions


Inserting cell references
Formulas	 6 of 8

Inserting cell references

When you enter a formula, you can insert references by highlighting a cell or range instead of typing.  You can insert references using either the mouse or the keyboard.  For information on reference types and how to use them in formulas, see Referring to a Cell or Range.

How to

Insert a cell or range reference

Related information

Referring to a cell or range

Highlighting cells

Editing an entry


Showing or hiding all formulas
Formulas	 7 of 8

Showing or hiding all formulas

A cell displays the value that a formula calculates unless you choose Show Formulas.

Seeing your formulas in cells may make it easier to understand how a spreadsheet is constructed, find errors, and follow references throughout the spreadsheet.  With formulas displayed in cells, you can use the Find command to find formulas that contain a particular range name or cell reference.

How to

Show or hide formulas

Related information

Finding entries

Highlighting cells


Manual calculation
Formulas	 8 of 8

Manual calculation

Usually, whenever you change a value or formula, Works calculates the spreadsheet.

If you are changing several values and don't want to calculate right away, you can turn on manual calculation.  When you are ready to calculate, you can choose Calculate Now.  If you have a complex spreadsheet, switching to manual calculation may speed up your work.

How to

Turn manual calculation on or off

Calculate manually

Related information

Functions


Referring to a cell or range - overview
Referring to a cell or range	 1 of 7

Overview

References identify cell and range locations.  Using references, you can include a cell's value in another cell's formula.  Then, if you change the value of the referenced cell, Works calculates the formula in the other cell.  You can also refer to a cell or range by a name you give it.  For more information, see Naming Cell or Range.

Related information

Formulas

Naming a cell or range

Finding entries


What is a reference?
Referring to a cell or range	 2 of 7

What is a reference?

A reference to a single cell uses the cell's column letter and row number to identify its location.  For example, cell B3 is located at the intersection of column B and row 3.

more...


What is a reference? cont.
Referring to a cell or range	 3 of 7

What is a reference? cont.

A range reference identifies a block of cells.  The range is defined by the cell references of the upper-left and lower-right cells, separated by a colon (:).

If you type the formula =SUM(A4:A10) into a cell, Works adds all the values in that range and displays the total in the cell where you typed the formula.

How to

Insert a cell or range reference

Related information

Highlighting cells


Relative references
Referring to a cell or range	 4 of 7

Relative, absolute, and mixed references

Relative references:

Unless you specify otherwise, cell and range references are relative references.  A relative reference is like directions that say, "Go up two blocks and over one."

For example, if you type the formula =B2 in cell A4, the reference points to a cell two rows up and one column to the right.

If you copy this formula to cell C5, Works still looks for a value in the cell that is two rows up and one column to the right, cell D3.  Works adjusts the formula to fit the location and enters =D3 as the formula.

more...


Absolute references
Referring to a cell or range	 5 of 7

Relative, absolute, and mixed references, cont.

Absolute references:

An absolute reference is like a mailing address:it describes one specific location in a spreadsheet.  For example, an absolute reference to cell B2 always points to cell B2 even if the formula is copied to another location.  You use absolute references when you copy entries and you do not want the cell or range reference to be changed.

Absolute references are identified in a formula by dollar signs ($).  For example, an absolute reference to cell B2 appears as $B$2.

more...


Mixed references
Referring to a cell or range	 6 of 7

Relative, absolute, and mixed references, cont.

Mixed references:

If you want to refer to cells so that only the column or row reference is absolute, use mixed references.  For example, the formula =$A2 always refers to column A, no matter where you copy the formula.

When you insert a reference into a formula it is a relative reference, however you can easily change it to absolute or mixed.  The table below shows all the possible types of references.

Reference:	Example:

Absolute reference	$A$2

Relative column, absolute row	A$2

Absolute column, relative row	$A2

Relative reference	A2

How to

Insert an absolute or mixed reference

Related information

Editing an entry


Circular reference
Referring to a cell or range	 7 of 7

Circular reference

A circular reference is an error that results when a formula refers to itself, as shown below.  The formula in cell A3 refers to the value of cell B3.  The formula in B3 refers to the value in A3.  Therefore, the formula has no beginning value with which to calculate.

To correct a circular reference, change one of the formulas.  If your spreadsheet contains a circular reference, CIRC appears in the status bar. Choose Show Formulas from the Options menu to help locate circular references.

Related information

Formulas

Editing an entry


Naming a cell or range - overview
Naming a cell or range	 1 of 6

Overview

You can name a cell or range and then use that name instead of a reference in formulas.  Names make formulas easier to write and read.  You can also use a name to go to a range and highlight that range for copying, formatting, and printing.

Related information

Referring to a cell or range	Highlighting cells

Functions


What is a name?
Naming a cell or range	 2 of 6

What is a name?

Like a reference, a name identifies a cell or range.  You can use a name instead of a reference in formulas.  For example, the formula =SUM(Sales) adds all the cells in a range named Sales.

How to

Name a cell or range

Related information

Referring to a cell or range


Using names in formulas
Naming a cell or range	 3 of 6

Using names in formulas

You can use names and references interchangeably in formulas.  For example, if you give the range B2:B5 the name Sales, then the formulas =SUM(Sales) and =SUM(B2:B5) give the same result.

If the name resembles a number (123), a reference (A1), or a function (AVG), enclose the name in single quotation marks when you use it in a formula.  For example, type 'A1' to use A1 as a name in a formula.

Related information

Formulas


Deleting a name
Naming a cell or range	 4 of 6

Deleting a name

You can delete a name from a cell or range.  After you delete a name, wherever you have referred to that name, such as in a formula, Works changes that name to its reference.

How to

Delete a name

Related information

Referring to a cell or a range

Formulas


Creating a list of names
Naming a cell or range	 5 of 6

Creating a list of names

You can create a list in your spreadsheet that shows the names you have created and their references.  Use this list to help you locate specific entries.

Note:  Creating a list of names replaces any existing data in the two columns of cells where the list is inserted.

How to

Create a list of names

Related information

Finding entries


Changing a name's reference
Naming a cell or range	 6 of 6

Changing a name's reference

You can change the cell or range that a name refers to.  When you do, Works changes all formulas containing the name to refer to the new cell or range.  If you don't want your formulas to refer to the new cell or range, first delete the old name and then use it again to name the new cell or range.

Note:  A cell or range can have more than one name assigned to it.

How to

Change a name's reference

Delete a name

Related information

Referring to a cell or range


Functions - overview
Functions	 1 of 2

Overview

A function is a built-in calculation.  You can use functions to save time in typing what might be a complex formula.

Works has 57 functions that perform common spreadsheet tasks such as adding the values in a range (SUM), calculating the fixed rate of interest (RATE), or finding the average of the values in a range (AVG).  For a description of all the functions, see the Function Reference.

Related information

Lesson:  Adding formulas and functions

Function Reference

Formulas


Using functions
Functions	 2 of 2

Using functions

Most functions consist of a function name and arguments.

Arguments are values that a function uses in its calculations.  You must follow a few rules when you use a function and its arguments in a formula:

The arguments must be separated by commas.

The arguments must be enclosed in parentheses.

An argument must be a number or an expression that results in a number.

Some functions, such as COLS, can only use a range reference as an argument.

Some functions, such as FALSE(), have no arguments.

How to

Use a function in a formula

Related information

Function Reference

Editing an entry


Editing an entry - overview
Editing an entry	 1 of 3

Overview

To correct a mistake or update your information, you can edit entries.  You can edit part of an entry or you can replace the entire entry as you type a new one.

Related information

Lesson:  Changing your Spreadsheet

Removing entries

Formulas


Editing part of an entry
Editing an entry	 2 of 3

Editing part of an entry

When you highlight a cell you want to edit, the entry is displayed in the formula bar, as well as in the highlighted cell.  You can edit a cell's text, values, or formulas in the formula bar without retyping its entire contents.

How to

Edit part of an entry

Related information

Removing entries

Entering information


Replacing an entry
Editing an entry	 3 of 3

Replacing an entry

Sometimes you want to replace an entire entry.  When you highlight a cell containing an entry and then begin typing, what you type replaces the existing entry.

How to

Replace an entry

Related information

Removing entries

Entering information


Removing entries - overview
Removing entries	 1 of 3

Overview

To remove entries from your spreadsheet, you can remove an individual entry, a range of entries, or entire rows and columns of entries.  For information on deleting the rows and columns themselves, as well as their entries, see Deleting a Row or Column.

Related information

Lesson:  Changing your Spreadsheet

Deleting a row or column


Removing entries
Removing entries	 2 of 3

Removing entries

You can remove a single entry, a range of entries, or a series of individual entries within a range.

To remove entries from a spreadsheet, you can use the Cut command or the Clear command.  When you cut an entry, the entry's format, style, and alignment are removed with it.  After you cut an entry, the next entry you type in that cell will be displayed in Works' initial format, style, and alignment.

more...


Removing entries, cont.
Removing entries	 3 of 3

Removing entries, cont.

When you clear an entry, its format, style, and alignment remain.  If you type a new entry after clearing an entry, the new entry will have the same format, style, and alignment as the old entry.

There is another difference between Cut and Clear.  Choose Cut when you want to move the entry and the cell formats to a new location; choose Clear when you want to simply delete an entry.  For more information, see Background:  The Clipboard.

How to

Remove an entry or range of entries

Clear a series of entries in a range

Related information

Background:  The Clipboard

Moving entries


Copying entries - overview
Copying entries	 1 of 7

If you want to repeat the same information in another location in your spreadsheet or another Works tool, you can save time and reduce the likelihood of typing errors by copying rather than typing the information again.

For information on copying to other Windows applications, see Sharing with Other Applications.

Related information

Lesson:  Copying cells

Moving entries	Sharing with other applications


Copying entries
Copying entries	 2 of 7

Copying entries

You can copy an entry, a range of entires, or a row or column of entries.  The entries you copy (including the formulas and format) replace the entries in the cells you copy to.  When you copy a formula, Works adjusts relative references to reflect the new location.

Note:  If you copy a formula to another spreadsheet, the formula refers to cells in the new spreadsheet, not the spreadsheet you copied from.  Formulas cannot refer to cells in another spreadsheet.

How to

Copy entries

Related information

Background:  The Clipboard

Referring to a cell or range


Filling down or right
Copying entries	 3 of 7

Filling down or right

If you want to copy an entry into the cells immediately below, you can avoid repetitive typing by filling down.  You can also copy an entry or group of entries to the right.

	Filling Down Before After
The entries you copy (including the formulas and format) replace any entries in the cells you copy to.

Note:  When you copy a formula, Works adjusts relative references to reflect the new location.

How to

Fill down	Fill right

Related information

Entering a series of dates

Entering a series of numbers


Copying values only
Copying entries	 4 of 7

Copying values only

To consolidate entries from one or more spreadsheets or to transfer values and calculate at the same time, you can:

Copy values and formats only (without formulas).

Add or subtract values as you copy them (without formats or formulas).

How to

Copy, add, or subtract values only

Related information

Background:  The Clipboard

Moving entries	Highlighting cells


Copying between tools
Copying entries	 5 of 7

Copying between tools

In Works, you can copy entries between tools.  For example, you can copy spreadsheet statistics to a memo you've created in the Word Processor, or to an employee database.

If you copy spreadsheet entries to a database, the values are copied, but the formats, formulas, and cell borders are not.  Each column becomes a field; each row becomes a record.

There are two ways to copy information to a Word Processor document:

more...


Copying between tools, cont.
Copying entries	 6 of 7

Copying between tools, cont.

When you copy the entries, the values and formats are copied, but the formulas and cell borders are not.  Each entry is separated from the next by a tab mark ( [image]), and each row ends with a paragraph mark
( [image]).  You can edit your entries in the Word Processor as you would any other text.

When you copy the entries as a picture, the entries will appear in your Word Processor document just as they do in your spreadsheet, including cell borders and gridlines, but you will not be able to edit them.

more...


Copying between tools, cont.
Copying entries	 7 of 7

Copying between tools, cont.

You can also link copied spreadsheet entries to your Word Processor documents.  If you link entries to a Word Processor document, when you change the entries in the spreadsheet, they are automatically updated in the Word Processor document.  For more information, see Linking to a Works Spreadsheet.

How to

Copy to the Word Processor

Copy to the Database

Related information

Background:  The Clipboard

Lesson:  Introducing the tools together

Lesson:  Sharing information

Linking to a Works spreadsheet


Moving entries - overview
Moving entries	 1 of 4

Overview

You can reorganize your spreadsheet by moving entries from one location to another.  You can move entries around within a spreadsheet, or to another Works tool.

For information on moving entries to other Windows applications, see Sharing with Other Applications.

Related information

Lesson:  Changing your spreadsheet

Copying entries	Removing entries

Sharing with other applications


Moving entries
Moving entries	 2 of 4

Moving entries

You can move an entry, a range of entries, or a row or column of entries.

When you move a formula, the references it contains may change depending on the type of reference used.  For more information, see Relative, Absolute, and Mixed References.

	Moving entries Before After
Note:  If you move a formula to another spreadsheet, the formula refers to cells in the new spreadsheet, not the spreadsheet you moved it from.

How to

Move entries

Move rows or columns

Related information

Sharing with other applications

Relative, absolute, and mixed references


Moving values only
Moving entries	 3 of 4

Moving values only

To consolidate entries from one or more spreadsheets or to transfer values and calculate at the same time, you can:

Move values and formats only (without formulas).

Add or subtract values as you move them (without formats or formulas).

When you move an entry, its format, style, and alignment are moved with it, leaving an empty cell with General format, style, and alignment.

How to

Move, add, or subtract values only

Related information

Copying values only	Highlighting cells


Moving between tools
Moving entries	 4 of 4

Moving between tools

In Works, you can move entries between  tools.  For example, you can move spreadsheet statistics to a memo you've created in the Word Processor.

When you move spreadsheet entries to a word processor document, the values and formats move, but the formulas and cell borders do not.  Each cell is separated from the next by a tab mark ( [image]); each row ends with a paragraph mark ( [image]).

If you move spreadsheet entries to a database, each column becomes a field; each row becomes a record.

How to

Move entries to another tool

Related information

Background:  The Clipboard

Lesson:  Introducing the tools together

Lesson:  Sharing information


Changing the appearance of entries - overview
Changing the appearance of entries	 1 of 5

You can change the font, style and alignment of entries, as well as change cell border style.  Do this to emphasize and separate information, making your spreadsheet easier to read and understand.

Related information

Lesson:  Formatting a spreadsheet

Changing the number format

Entering and formatting dates & times

Changing a spreadsheet's structure


Changing the alignment
Changing the appearance of entries	 2 of 5

Changing the alignment

You can align entries to the left, right, or center.  Until you make a change, text is left-aligned and numbers are right-aligned.  This is called general alignment.

Note:  In general format, phone numbers are left-aligned because they contain characters (parentheses, spaces, and hyphens) that Works does not recognize as numbers.  Dates are right-aligned because they are stored as numbers.

How to

Change the alignment

Related information

Protecting entries


Changing the style
Changing the appearance of entries	 3 of 5

Changing the style

You can emphasize headings and make it easier to distinguish between different kinds of information by varying the style of entries in your spreadsheet.

How to

Change the style

Related information

Protecting entries


Changing the font and font size
Changing the appearance of entries	 4 of 5

Changing the font and font size

You can change the font you use for your spreadsheet, as well as the font size.  A spreadsheet can have only one font and one font size.  If it is important to you that the width of characters is exactly the same for both text and numbers, choose a non-proportional font.  Non-proportional fonts include Courier, Elite, LinePrinter, and Pica.

	Changing the font and font size Helv, 8 pt. Helv, 12 pt. Tms Rmn, 10 pt. Courier, 10 pt.
The fonts available to you are determined by the printer you are using.

How to

Change the font and font size

Related information

Background:  Fonts


Changing cell borders
Changing the appearance of entries	 5 of 5

Changing cell borders

To emphasize key information and make your spreadsheet easier to read, you can add solid border lines to cells.  You can draw any combination of horizontal and vertical lines to the left, right, top, or bottom of a cell.

	Without borders With borders

Adjoining cells share borders.  For example, putting a bottom border on one cell produces the same result as putting a top border on the cell below.  Cell borders adjust if the column width changes and borders appear both on the screen and on the printed spreadsheet.

How to

Change cell borders

Related information

Hiding and showing gridlines


Changing the screen display - overview
Changing the screen display	 1 of 4

Overview

You can control what is displayed on your screen by hiding some of the options Works initially displays.

Related information

Changing the appearance of entries

Changing a spreadsheet's structure


Hiding the Toolbar or status bar
Changing the screen display	 2 of 4

Hiding the Toolbar or status bar

Depending on your personal preference, you may choose to hide the Toolbar or status bar so that you have more available screen space to view your document.

How to

Hide or show the Toolbar

Hide or show the status bar


Hiding and showing gridlines
Changing the screen display	 3 of 4

Hiding and showing gridlines

You can hide a spreadsheet's gridlines to make cell formats, such as borders, stand out.  You will also find that certain spreadsheet designs are easier to read without gridlines.

	Show gridlines Hide gridlines
Unless you specify otherwise, gridlines do not appear when you print your spreadsheet.  For information on printing gridlines, see Printing.

How to

Hide and show gridlines

Related information

Printing

Changing cell borders


Splitting the spreadsheet window
Changing the screen display	 4 of 4

Splitting the spreadsheet window

You can divide the window into as many as four sections, called panes, so that you can view different parts of your spreadsheet at the same time.

	Before After
How to

Split the Spreadsheet window

Move between panes

Remove the panes


Finding entries - overview
Finding entries	 1 of 4

Overview

To find particular entries or go to a specific location in your spreadsheet, you can search for text or values in your entries.  The entries you search for can be either an exact match or merely similar to what you specify.

Related information

Changing a spreadsheet's structure

Sorting Rows


Finding text and values
Finding entries	 2 of 4

Finding text and values

You can search through highlighted cells or the entire spreadsheet.  When Works finds the text or value, it highlights the cell.  You can perform a search as many times as you want to find all occurrences of the text or value.

Works searches only what your spreadsheet displays.  For example, Works will not find entries in formulas unless formulas are displayed, and entries in hidden columns will not be found.

How to

Find text or values

Related information

Hiding and showing a column


Finding text and values in formulas
Finding entries	 3 of 4

Finding text and values in formulas

Searching in formulas is useful for finding all formulas containing a particular range name, function, or reference.  You can search through highlighted cells or the entire spreadsheet.  When Works finds the text or value, it highlights the cell.

When searching, Works examines only what your spreadsheet displays.  Works will not find information in formulas unless formulas are displayed and entries in hidden columns will not be found.

How to

Find text or values in formulas

Related information

Showing and hiding formulas	Hiding and showing a column


Using wildcards
Finding entries	 4 of 4

Using wildcards

You can use wildcard symbols to find entries that are similar but not exactly the same.

The question mark (?) wildcard represents any single character in the same position as the question mark.  For example, if you want to find a name, but are unsure whether the name is Anderson or Andersen, type anders?n and Works will find either name.

The asterisk (*) wildcard represents any number of characters in that position.  For example, if you type s*s Works will find all text that begins and ends with an "s," such as "sales" and "salaries."

Related information

Hiding and showing a column

Finding text and values in formulas


Sorting rows - overview
Sorting rows	 1 of 3

Overview

You can rearrange the rows in your spreadsheet to display or print them in the order you prefer.  For example, you may have a list of employees with information about salaries, taxes, commissions, hire dates, the regions they work in, and so on.  You can sort rows based on any of this information.

Related information

Moving entries

Changing a spreadsheet's structure


Sorting rows
Sorting rows	 2 of 3

Sorting rows

Sorting rearranges rows alphabetically or numerically according to the entries in a column you highlight.  For example, if you highlight cells in column B in rows 5 through 8, rows 5 through 8 are sorted according to the entries in column B.

	Before sorting After sorting

The column you are sorting by can contain a mixture of text, numbers, dates, and times.  Works sorts dates and times the same way it sorts numbers.  You can sort a column in ascending or descending order.  After sorting, Works adjusts relative references but not absolute references.

more...


Sorting rows, cont.
Sorting rows	 3 of 3

Sorting rows, cont.

You can sort your spreadsheet by the entries in up to three columns.  If the entries in the first column are the same, Works sorts by the second column.  If the entries in the second field are the same, Works sorts by the third column.  For each column, you choose either ascending or descending order.

Works sorts by entries in a specified second or third column only if some of the entries in the preceding column are identical.

How to

Sort rows

Related information

Text	Referring to a cell or range

Numbers	Dates and times


Protecting entries - overview
Protecting entries	 1 of 2

Overview

To safeguard against accidental or unauthorized changes, you can protect the entire spreadsheet, as well as lock and unlock individual cells.

Initially, Works locks all cells but, until you turn protection on, the lock has no effect.  When a cell is locked and protection is on, you cannot format the cell, change its entry, or unlock the cell.

more...


Protecting entries - overview, cont.
Protecting entries	 2 of 2

Overview, cont.

With protection on, most of the commands on the Edit and Format menus are unavailable.  You can use the TAB and SHIFT+TAB keys to move the highlight to only unlocked cells.

How to

Protect all cells

Protect only some cells

Turn data protection off

Related information

Hiding and showing a column


Sharing with other applications - overview
Sharing with other applications	 1 of 6

Overview

You can easily use information from your Works spreadsheet with other Windows applications.  You can also bring information into your Works spreadsheet from other tools and applications, or open other application files from within Works.

Related information

Lesson:  Sharing information

Copying entries

Moving entries


Copying to another application
Sharing with other applications	 2 of 6

Copying to another application

You can copy entries from your spreadsheet to another Windows application.

When you copy to another application, values are copied to the new location but formulas are not.  Formats may or may not be copied, depending on the application you copy to.  If you copy to a word processor document, each cell is separated from the next by a tab mark
( [image]) and each row ends with a paragraph mark ( [image]).

How to

Copy to another application

Related information

Background:  The Clipboard


Moving to another application
Sharing with other applications	 3 of 6

Moving to another application

You can move information from your spreadsheet to other Windows applications.  For example, you may want to move spreadsheet statistics to a memo in Microsoft Word for Windows or move database figures to your Works spreadsheet.

When you move spreadsheet entries to a Word Processor, values move, but formulas and cell borders do not.  Formats may or may not move, depending on the application you move to.  Each cell is separated from the next by a tab mark ( [image]); each row ends with a paragraph mark ( [image]).

How to

Move information to another application

Related information

Background:  The Clipboard


Saving a spreadsheet for another application
Sharing with other applications	 4 of 6

Saving a spreadsheet for another application

You can save your spreadsheet as a text file so you can use it with other applications, such as Lotus 1-2-3 or dBASE.

When you save as a text file, your entries are saved as values, not formulas.  Each entry is separated by a comma or tab mark ( [image]) and each row ends with a paragraph mark ( [image]).

How to

Save a spreadsheet as a text file


Opening files from other applications
Sharing with other applications	 5 of 6

Opening files from other applications

You can open and use spreadsheets in Works that were created with Lotus 1-2-3, or that were created in other applications and saved in text (ASCII) format.  You can also save a worksheet in Microsoft Excel so that it can be opened as a Works spreadsheet.

When you open a Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet or an Excel worksheet, the values, formulas, formats, and range names are retained.

However, some features, such as functions, are not identical in Works, Microsoft Excel, and Lotus 1-2-3.  Consequently, some information may be lost.

more...


Opening files from other applications, cont.
Sharing with other applications	 6 of 6

Opening files from other applications, cont.

You can move text or tables (without formatting) from another word processor, such as Microsoft Word for Windows, to a Works spreadsheet.  If you move text, each paragraph is inserted into its own cell.  If you move a table separated by tab marks, each item in the table is inserted into a single cell.

If you move spreadsheet entries from another spreadsheet, the cells in your Works spreadsheet will match the cells from the other application.

How to

Open a Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet

Save a worksheet in Microsoft Excel to use in Works

Open a text file from another application

Related information

Opening a document


Headers and footers - overview
Headers and footers	  1 of 7

Overview

To print text that appears on the top or bottom of every printed page, you can create headers and footers.

Related information

Lesson:  Page layout and printing

Changing the page layout

Previewing

Printing


Creating headers or footers
Headers and footers	 2 of 7

Creating headers or footers

You can create a one-line header and footer that contains information such as page numbers, titles, or dates.  You can print headers or footers on every page or print the first page without a header or footer.

When you create a header or footer, you can use codes to change the alignment of text or to have Works automatically insert the filename, page number, or current date or time.  Until you change the alignment, Works automatically centers headers and footers.

more...


Creating headers or footers, cont.
Headers and footers	 3 of 7

Creating headers or footers, cont.

To	Type

more...


Creating headers or footers, cont.
Headers and footers	 4 of 7

Creating headers or footers, cont.

To	Type

more...


Creating headers or footers, cont.
Headers and footers	 5 of 7

Creating headers or footers, cont.

To	Type

Notes:

The text for a header or footer is not displayed in your document, but you can see it when you preview or print your spreadsheet.

If you number the pages, you can set the starting page number.  For example, if you want to combine several spreadsheets into one document, you can set the starting page number for each spreadsheet so that the pages are numbered consecutively.

How to

Create a header or footer	Delete a header or footer

Change the starting page number


Adjusting header and footer margins
Headers and footers	 6 of 7

Adjusting header and footer margins

To control where headers and footers print on the page, you can set the header and footer margins.  Works initially proposes 0.5 inches for the header margin and 0.75 inches for the footer.

How to

Adjust the header or footer margin

Related information

Previewing

Adjusting page margins


Printing headers and footers
Headers and footers	 7 of 7

Printing headers and footers

Unless you specify otherwise, Works prints a header or footer on every page of your document.  However, you can choose to print the first page of your document without a header or footer.

If you do not want a header or footer to print on any of the pages, you need to delete the header or footer.

How to

Print without a header or footer on the first page

Delete a header or footer

Related information

Printing


Changing the page layout - overview
Changing the page layout	 1 of 4

Overview

Before you print a spreadsheet, you can lay out the printed pages the way you want by specifying their size, orientation, and margins, and by inserting and deleting page breaks.

Related information

Lesson:  Page layout and printing

Headers and footers

Previewing

Printing


Changing page size and orientation
Changing the page layout	 2 of 4

Changing page size and orientation

You can print your spreadsheet on paper of different sizes and in portrait (vertical) or landscape (horizontal) orientation.  Works is preset to print on letter-sized (8.5-by-11-inch) paper in portrait orientation.

Not every printer can print text in landscape orientation.  If you are not sure about your printer, check your printer manual.

How to

Change the page size

Change the page orientation

Related information

Printing


Adjusting page margins
Changing the page layout	 3 of 4

Adjusting page margins

You can control the size of the printed area by increasing or decreasing the margins of the printed page.  When you prepare to print a spreadsheet, you can accept the preset page margins or change them.

If you have added a header or footer, make sure that the header margin is smaller than the top page margin and the footer margin is smaller than the bottom page margin.

How to

Adjust page margins

Related information

Adjusting header or footer margins


Inserting and deleting page breaks
Changing the page layout	 4 of 4

Inserting and deleting page breaks

Works automatically inserts a page break when you've entered enough information to fill a page.  As you enter or delete information, Works adjusts the automatic page breaks.

Large spreadsheets are divided and printed in the order shown below.

You can also insert and delete vertical as well as horizontal page breaks manually.  When you insert a manual page break, Works adjusts the automatic page breaks that follow it.

How to

Insert a page break	Delete a page break

Related information

Printing


Previewing - overview
Previewing	 1 of 1

Overview

You can see how your spreadsheet will look when printed by previewing it.  Margins, headers, footers, and page breaks all appear in their correct locations in print preview.

How to

Preview a spreadsheet

Related information

Lesson:  Page layout and printing

Changing the page layout


Printing - overview
Printing	 1 of 6

Overview

Several printing options are available so you can print your spreadsheet the way you want.

Before you print your spreadsheet, it is a good idea to preview it to make sure that information is set up on the page exactly as you want it.

Related information

Background:  Printing tips

Lesson:  Page layout and printing

Previewing


Printing a spreadsheet
Printing	 2 of 6

Printing a spreadsheet

You can print your spreadsheet with or without row and column labels and with or without gridlines.

Works automatically inserts page breaks when it prints large spreadsheets.  If you want to manually set the way the pages break, or change your spreadsheet's page size, page orientation, margins, or column spacing, see Changing the Page Layout before you print.

more...


Printing a spreadsheet, cont.
Printing	 3 of 6

Printing a spreadsheet, cont.

If you want page numbers on your printed spreadsheet, you must include them in a header or footer. You can also include the date, time, or other text in the header or footer. For more information, see Headers and Footers.

If you number the pages, you can set the starting page number.  For example, if you want to combine several spreadsheets into one document, you can set the starting page number for each spreadsheet so that the pages are numbered consecutively.

more...


Printing a spreadsheet, cont.
Printing	 4 of 6

Printing a spreadsheet, cont.

The font you've chosen affects how your spreadsheet columns line up on the printed page. If it is important to you that the width of characters is exactly the same for both text and numbers, choose a non-proportional font such as Courier or Pica; however, proportional fonts are generally more pleasing to the eye.  For more information on fonts, see Changing the Font and Font Size.

	Proportional: TmsRmn Non-proportional: Courier
How to

Print a spreadsheet

Change the starting page number

Related information

Headers and footers	Changing the page layout

Hiding and showing gridlines	Changing the font and font size


Printing part of a spreadsheet
Printing	 5 of 6

Printing part of a spreadsheet

You don't have to print your entire spreadsheet. You can print specific pages...

...or you can print only a highlighted range of cells.

How to

Print a spreadsheet	Print a range

Related information

Inserting and deleting page breaks

Changing the page layout


Freezing row and column titles (Printing)
Printing	 6 of 6

Freezing row and column titles

To print row and column titles on every page of a multi-page spreadsheet, you can freeze row and column titles.  Freezing affects all rows above and to the left of the highlight.

You cannot use the arrow keys to move the highlight into frozen rows or columns.  However, you can use the mouse or the Go To command.

How to

Freeze row or column titles


Function reference - overview
Function Reference	  1 of 10

Overview

Works includes 57 functions you can use in your formulas to do a wide variety of calculations.  The functions are divided by type into the categories below.  For information about how to use functions, see Functions.

Financial Calculate payments, depreciation, compounding periods, rates of return, and present and future values Date and time Display and calculate dates and times Logical True, False, and If Lookup Look for and retrieve values from tables	Statistical Average, minimum and maximum values, sum, standard deviation, and variance Spreadsheet information Count cells, rows, and columns, and detect errors Mathematical Common math operations Trigonometric Common trig operations
Related information

Functions	Formulas

Lesson:  Adding formulas and functions


Financial functions
Function Reference	 2 of 10

Financial functions

CTERM(rate,future value,present value)
Gives the number of compounding periods

DDB(cost,salvage,life,period)
Gives double-declining balance depreciation

FV(payment,rate,term)
Gives the future value of an ordinary annuity

IRR(guess,range reference)
Gives the internal rate of return for a series

NPV(rate,range reference)
Gives the net present value of a series

PMT(principal,rate,term)
Gives the periodic payment for a loan

PV(payment,rate,term)
Gives the present value of an ordinary annuity

RATE(future value,present value,term)
Gives the interest rate per compounding period

more...


Financial functions, cont.
Function Reference	 3 of 10

Financial functions, cont.

SLN(cost,salvage,life)
Gives straight-line depreciation

SYD(cost,salvage,life,period)
Gives sum-of-the-years-digits depreciation

TERM(payment,rate,future value)
Gives the number of compounding periods


Statistical functions
Function Reference	 4 of 10

Statistical functions

AVG(range reference0,range reference1,...)
Gives the average of values in specified ranges

COUNT(range reference0,range reference1,...)
Gives the number of cells in specified ranges

MAX(range reference0,range reference1,...)
Gives the largest number in specified ranges

MIN(range reference0,range reference1,...)
Gives the smallest number in specified ranges

STD(range reference0,range reference1,...)
Gives the population standard deviation of specified ranges

SUM(range reference0,range reference1,...)
Gives the sum of values in specified ranges

VAR(range reference0,range reference1,...)
Gives the variance of the numbers in specified ranges


Date and time functions
Function Reference	 5 of 10

Date and time functions

DATE(year,month,day)
Gives the number of a specified date

DAY(date number)
Gives the day number for a specified date

HOUR(time number)
Gives the hour number for a specified time

MINUTE(time number)
Gives the minute number for a specified time

MONTH(date number)
Gives the month number for a specified date

NOW( )
Gives the number of the current date and time

SECOND(time number)
Gives the second number for a specified time

TIME(hour,minute,second)
Gives a number for a specified time

YEAR(date number)
Gives the year number for a specified date


Logical functions
Function Reference	 6 of 10

Logical functions

FALSE( )
Gives the logical value 0

IF(condition,value if true,value if false)
Determines whether a condition is true or false, and gives one value if true and another if false

TRUE()
Gives the logical value 1


Lookup functions
Function Reference	 7 of 10

Lookup functions

CHOOSE(choice,option0,option1,...)
Uses your choice to select an option from a list

HLOOKUP(lookup value,range reference,row number)
Finds a specific entry in a range, located according to an entry in the first row

INDEX(range reference,column,row)
Gives the value in a cell at the intersection of a specified column and row within a range

VLOOKUP(lookup value,range reference,column number)
Finds a specific entry in a range, located according to an entry in the first column


Spreadsheet information functions
Function Reference	 8 of 10

Spreadsheet information functions

COLS(range reference)
Gives the number of columns in a range

COUNT(range reference0,range reference1,...)
Gives the number of cells in specified ranges

ERR( )
Gives the error value ERR

ISERR(x)
Gives the logical value 1 if x is the error value ERR; otherwise gives the logical value 0

ISNA(x)
Gives the logical value 1 if x is the value N/A; otherwise, gives the logical value 0

NA()
Gives the numeric value N/A

ROWS(range reference)
Gives the number of rows in a range reference


Mathematical functions
Function Reference	 9 of 10

Mathematical functions

ABS(x)
Gives the absolute value of x

EXP(x)
Gives e to the power of x

INT(x)
Gives the integer part of x

LN(x)
Gives the natural logarithm of x

LOG(x)
Gives the base 10 logarithm of x

MOD(numerator,demoninator)
Gives the remainder of the specified division

PI( )
Gives the number 3.14159...

RAND( )
Gives a random number

ROUND(x,number of places)
Rounds x to the specified number of places

SQRT(x)
Gives the square root of x


Trigonometric functions
Function Reference	 10 of 10

Trigonometric functions

ACOS(x)
Gives the arccosine of x

ASIN(x)
Gives the arcsine of x

ATAN(x)
Gives the arctangent of x

ATAN2(x-coordinate,y-coordinate)
Gives the arctangent of an angle

COS(x)
Gives the cosine of x

SIN(x)
Gives the sine of x

TAN(x)
Gives the tangent of x


To create a new spreadsheet

1	From the File menu, choose Create New File.

2	Choose Spreadsheet.

I want to create a new chart?

Charts are graphic representations of spreadsheet entries.  First open an existing spreadsheet or create a new one.  For more information, see
 Creating and Deleting a Chart.


To enter information

1	Highlight the cell where you want to type the information.

2	Type the entry.

As you type, the entry is displayed in both the cell and the formula bar.

If you make a mistake, press BACKSPACE.

If you decide not to enter the information, press ESC or click the Cancel box in the formula bar.

Note:  A formula must begin with an = (equal sign).

3	If you want to:

Complete this entry only, press ENTER or click the Enter box in the formula bar.

Move to the cell to the right, press RIGHT ARROW or TAB.

Move to the cell to the left, press LEFT ARROW or SHIFT+TAB.

Move to the cell below, press DOWN ARROW.

Move to the cell above, press UP ARROW.

If you want Works to interpret a number, date, or time as text, type a quotation mark before the entry.  Example: "12345

Only part of the name is displayed, or I see ####?

The cell is not wide enough to display the entire entry.  Just change the column width.


To name and save a spreadsheet

1	From the File menu, choose Save As.

2	Type a name no more than eight characters long.

Works automatically adds the extension .WKS to a spreadsheet file.

3	Choose OK.

To automatically create a backup copy of your spreadsheet when you save, choose Make Backup Copy.

After you've named and saved a spreadsheet, you can save additional work in that spreadsheet by choosing Save from the File menu or by pressing CTRL+S.


To quickly change the column width

1	Move the mouse pointer to the border at the right of the column label.

When you have it in the right place, the pointer changes shape.

2	Drag to the right or left until the column is the width you want.

To set an exact column width

1	Highlight one cell in each column you want to change.

2	From the Format menu, choose Column Width.

3	Type a column width between 0 and 79 characters.

An entry can be longer than 79 characters, but Works will only display the first 79 characters in a column.

4	Choose OK.

Only part of the entry is displayed, or I see ####?

The column is still not wide enough to display the entire entry, or the entry is more than 79 characters long.


To hide a column

1	Move the mouse pointer to the border at the right of the column label.

When you have it in the right place, the pointer changes shape.

2	Drag to the left until the column is no longer visible.

--Or--

1	Highlight one cell in each column you want to hide.

2	From the Format menu, choose Column Width.

3	Type 0 (zero).

4	Choose OK.

The column or columns are now hidden.

If you want information in hidden columns to print, you must first change the column width to a value greater than 0.
See [image] How to Display a Hidden Column.


To display a hidden column

1	From the Select menu, choose Go To.
--or--
Press F5.

2	In the Go To box, type a cell reference in the column you want to show.  To show more than one column, type a range reference including at least one cell from each column you want to show.

3	Choose OK.

The column is highlighted, although you cannot see it, since the column is still hidden.

4	From the Format menu, choose Column Width.

5	Type a value greater than 0 (zero).

6	Choose OK.

The column is now displayed.


To insert a row or column

1	Highlight the row below or the column to the right of where you want to insert the new row or column.

To insert more than one row or column, highlight more than one.  As many rows or columns as you highlight will be inserted.

2	From the Edit menu, choose Insert Row/Column.

Note:  If you don't highlight an entire row or column before choosing Insert Row/Column, Works displays a dialog box in which you specify whether you are inserting a row or column.


To delete a row or column

Important:  You cannot recover deleted information.

1	Highlight cells in one or more rows or columns you want to delete.

2	From the Edit menu, choose Delete Row/Column.

3	Choose Row or Column.

4	Choose OK.

Works deletes the row or column and all the row or column's entries.

Note:  If you highlight entire rows or columns before choosing Delete Row/Column, Works deletes the highlighted rows or columns without displaying the Delete dialog box.

I see ERR in some cells after I delete rows or columns?

Formulas in the cells that display ERR refer to cells you deleted.  You need to correct the cell references in these formulas.


To move using the mouse

Click the cell you want to move to.

--Or--

To move up and down in the spreadsheet, use the vertical scroll bar.

--Or--

To move across the spreadsheet, use the horizontal scroll bar.


To move using the keyboard

To move	Press

Right one cell

Left one cell

Down one row

Up one row

First cell of row	HOME

Last column of data
in current row	END

Down one window	PAGE DOWN

Up one window	PAGE UP

Right one window	CTRL+PAGE

               DOWN

Left one window	CTRL+PAGE UP

Beginning of
spreadsheet	CTRL+HOME

Last row or column
that contains data	CTRL+END

Up one block	CTRL+

Down one block	CTRL+

Left one block	CTRL+

Right one block	CTRL+

Next pane	F6

Previous pane	SHIFT+F6


To go directly to a cell or range

1	From the Select menu, choose Go To.
--or--
Press F5.

2	Type the cell reference or range name of the cell or range you want to go to...

...or choose the range name you want to go to.

3	Choose OK.

To quickly move to a cell or range, double-click its name in the Names box.


To freeze rows

1	Move the highlight to the leftmost cell in the row below the rows you want to freeze.

2	From the Options menu, choose Freeze Titles.

When a row or column is frozen, there is a check mark beside the Freeze Titles command on the menu.

To freeze columns

1	Move the highlight to the top cell in the column to the right of the columns you want to freeze.

2	From the Options menu, choose Freeze Titles.

When a row or column is frozen, there is a check mark beside the Freeze Titles command on the menu.

To freeze both rows and columns

1	Move the highlight directly below the rows and to the right of the columns you want to freeze.

2	From the Options menu, choose Freeze Titles.

When a row or column is frozen, there is a check mark beside the Freeze Titles command.

To unfreeze rows and columns

From the Options menu, choose Freeze Titles again.


To highlight a cell

Click the cell.

Press the arrow keys ( [image]) until you move the highlight to the cell you want.

To highlight more than one cell, see [image] How to Highlight a Range.


To highlight a row or column

Click the row or column heading.

To highlight several adjacent rows or columns, move the pointer ( [image]) to the topmost row label or leftmost column label; then hold down the mouse button and drag down or to the right, respectively.

1	Press the arrow keys ( [image]) until you move the highlight to the row or column.

To highlight several adjacent rows or columns; move the highlight to the topmost row or leftmost field; then hold down SHIFT and press [image] or [image] until you highlight an entry in each field you want to select.

2	From the Select menu, choose Row or Column.
--or--
To highlight a row, press CTRL+F8.
To highlight a column, press SHIFT+F8.

Rather than pressing and holding SHIFT, you can choose Cells from the Select menu, or press F8.  EXT appears in the status bar as a reminder that you can extend the selection.  After you extend the highlight, choose Cells again or press F8 again to tell Works you are finished extending the highlight.


To highlight a range

Move the mouse pointer over the cell in the upper-left corner of the range, and drag until the range is highlighted.

1	Highlight the cell in the upper-left corner of the range.

2	From the Select menu, choose Cells, or press F8.
--or--
Press and hold SHIFT.

3	Press the arrow keys ( [image])  to extend the highlight.

4	If you choose Cells (or pressed F8) in step 2, do so again.

To highlight a named range

1	From the Select menu, choose Go To.
--or--
Press F5.

2	Type a name or reference....

...or choose the range name.

3	Choose OK.

Works moves to the range and highlights it.

To go to the next named range listed in the Names box, press SHIFT+F5.


To highlight the entire spreadsheet

Click the rectangle at the intersection of the row and column labels.

To cancel the selection, click anywhere in the spreadsheet.

From the Select menu, choose All, or press CTRL+SHIFT+F8.

To cancel the selection, press ESC.


To enter text

1	Move the highlight to the cell in which you want to enter the text.

2	Type the text.

As you type, the entry is displayed in both the cell and the formula bar.

If you make a mistake, press BACKSPACE to delete the text.

If you decide not to enter the text, press ESC or click the Cancel box in the formula bar.

3	If you want to:

Complete this entry only, press ENTER or click the Enter box in the formula bar.

Move to the cell to the right, press [image] or TAB.

Move to the cell to the left, press [image] or SHIFT+TAB.

Move to the cell below, press [image].

Move to the cell above, press [image].

If you enter text that is longer than the width of the cell, the excess text is displayed in the cells to the right, if those cells are empty.  If the cells to the right are not empty, Works displays only the text that fits in the cell.

If you want to enter a date, time, or number as text, type " (quotation mark) before the entry.  For example, if you want to enter the word April as text, type "April.  Otherwise, Works evaluates the entry as a date.


To enter text in a range

1	Highlight the range in which you want to enter the text.

2	Type the first entry.

3	Press the following keys to move within the highlighted range:

To move Down one cell Up one cell Left one cell Right one cell	Press ENTER SHIFT+ENTER TAB SHIFT+TAB
As long as you use these keys to move, your movement is confined to the range.

If you enter text that is longer than the width of the cell, the excess text is displayed in the cells to the right, if those cells are empty.

You can quickly enter the same information into each cell in a range of cells by highlighting the range, typing the information, and then pressing CTRL+ENTER.  Works enters the same information into each cell in the range.

To treat a number as text, such as a part number, first type a quotation mark, for example "20184.


To enter a number

1	Highlight the cell in which you want to enter the number.

2	Type the number, excluding commas.

As you type, the number appears in both the cell and the formula bar.

Numbers include any of the following characters: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - + . ( ) E e % $ /

If you make a mistake, press BACKSPACE to delete the text.

If you decide not to enter the text, press ESC or click the Cancel box in the formula bar.

3	Press ENTER.
--or--
Click the Enter box in the formula bar.

When you enter a number that includes a fraction, Works converts it to a decimal number.  For example, if you type 10 3/4, Works converts it to 10.75.  However, you must precede a fraction with a whole number and a space.  For instance, type 0 2/5 to enter the fraction 2/5.

To treat a number (such as a part number) as text, first type a quotation mark; for example, "84661.

If you type a dollar sign ($) before the number or a percent sign (%) after the number, Works automatically changes the field's format from general to currency or percent, respectively.

I see ###### in the cell instead of the number?

You entered a number that is incompatible with the cell's number format.  For example, a number such as 0.75 is incompatible with a date format.  Change the format to display the number correctly.

The number I entered appears in exponential number format?

You entered a number that is too wide to fit in the cell.  Change the column width or change the number format to display the number correctly.


To enter numbers in a range

1	Highlight the range in which you want to enter the numbers.

2	Type the first entry.

Note:  Numbers include any of the following characters: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - + . ( ) E e % $ /

3	Press the following keys to move within the highlighted range:

To move Down one cell Up one cell Right one cell Left one cell	Press ENTER SHIFT+ENTER TAB SHIFT+TAB
As long as you use these keys to move, your movement is confined to the range.

If you enter a number that is longer than the width of the cell, Works displays the number in exponential number format.

You can quickly enter the same information into each cell in a range of cells by highlighting the range, typing the information, and then pressing CTRL+ENTER.  Works enters the same information into each cell in the range.

To treat a number (such as a part number) as text, first type a quotation mark; for example, "84661.

I see ###### in the cell instead of the number?

You entered a number that is incompatible with the cell's number format.  For example, a number such as .75 is incompatible with a date format.  Change the format to display the number correctly.


To quickly choose the currency, percent, or comma format

1	Highlight the cell or range you want to change.

2	On the Toolbar, click the appropriate button.

--or--

To change to Currency format, type $ followed by a number.
To change to Percent format, type a number followed by %.

To change the number format

1	Highlight the cell or range you want to change.

2	From the Format menu, choose the number format you want.

General

Fixed

Currency

Comma

Percent

Exponential

Leading zeros

True/False

3	If a dialog box is displayed, type the number of decimals or digits you want.

4	Choose OK.

Note:  When you enter a number that includes a fraction, Works converts it to a decimal number.  For example, if you type 10 3/4, Works converts it to 10.75.  You must precede a fraction with a whole number and a space.  For example, to enter the fraction 2/5, type 0 2/5.

I see ###### in the cell instead of the number?

You entered a number that is incompatible with the cell's number format.  For example, a number such as .75 is incompatible with a date format.  Change the format to display the number correctly.

The number I entered appears in exponential number format?

You entered a number that is too wide to fit in the cell.  Change the column width or change the number format to display the number correctly.


To enter a series

1	Move the highlight to the cell where you want the series to begin.

2	Type a starting number or date, and then press ENTER.

3	Highlight the cell with the starting value and the cells to the right or below in which you want to fill the series.

4	From the Edit menu, choose Fill Series.

5	If your starting value is a date, choose the unit you want.

6	In the Step By box, type a value.  Works proposes 1.

7	Choose OK.


To enter a date or time

1	Highlight the cell in which you want to enter the date or time.

2	Type the date or time using one of the formats shown below.

Dates

6/30/60	June 30,1960

6/60	June, 1960

6/30	June 30

June

Times

14:30:00	2:30:00 PM

14:30	2:30 PM

As you type, the date or time is displayed in both the cell and the formula bar.

If you make a mistake, press BACKSPACE.

3	Press ENTER or click the Enter box in the formula bar.

If you want to use the same date or time format in adjacent cells, you can save time by formatting the cells before you type the dates.

Example:  If you enter the date as December 10,1991, and then format empty cells to display the date in the same way, you can type additional entries using a shorter format such as 12/11/91.  Works will display 12/11/91 as December 11, 1991.

I see ##### instead of the date or time?

The cell is not wide enough to display the date or time.  Just change the column width or the time/date format.

I see a number instead of the date or time?

You need to format the cell to display a date or time instead of a number.  For more information, see  [image] How to Change the Date or Time Format.


To change the date or time format

1	Highlight the cell or range you want to change.

2	From the Format menu, choose Time/Date.

3	Under Show, choose the option you want.

4	Under Date or Time, choose the format you want.

For a date, choose Short (for example 10/3/91) or Long (for example October 3, 1991).

For a time, choose 24 hour (for example 14:30) or 12 hour (for example 2:30 PM).

5	Choose OK.

You cannot change to another date or time format by retyping the date or time in another format.  You must use the Time/Date command.

I see ##### instead of a date or time?

The cell is not wide enough to display the date or time.  Change the column width or the time/date format.


To enter the current date or time using shortcut keys

1	Highlight the cell in which you want to insert the date or time.

2	To insert the current date, press CTRL+; (semicolon)

--Or--

To insert the current time, press CTRL+: (colon).

3	Press ENTER.

To change the way the date or time is displayed, see  [image] How to Change the Date or Time Format.

When you enter the current date or time, it is not automatically updated when the spreadsheet calculates.

I see ##### instead of a date or time?

The cell is not wide enough to display the date or time.  Just change the column width or time/date format.

Works doesn't insert the correct date or time?

Your computer's built-in clock is not set to the correct date or time.  See your computer's manual to set the correct time.


To enter an updating date or time

1	Highlight the cell in which you want to insert the date or time.

2	From the Format menu, choose Time/Date.

3	To insert a date, choose the date options you want.

--Or--

To insert a time, choose the time options you want.

4	Type =now()

As you type, the formula is displayed in both the cell and the formula bar.

5	Press ENTER.

To change the way the date or time is displayed, see  [image] How to Change the Date or Time Format.

I see ##### instead of a date or time?

The cell is not wide enough to display the date or time.  Just change the column width or time/date format.

I see a number instead of the date or time?

You need to format the cell to display a date or time instead of a number.  For more information, see  [image] How to Change the Date or Time Format.


To enter a formula

1	Highlight the cell in which you want to enter the formula.

2	Type = (equal sign) and then type the formula.

As you type, the formula is displayed in both the cell and the formula bar.

If you make a mistake, press BACKSPACE.

If you decide not to enter the formula, press ESC or click the Cancel box in the formula bar.

3	Press ENTER, TAB, or an arrow key ( [image]).

--or--

Click another cell or the Enter box in the formula bar.

If you want to use the SUM function, you can choose the Autosum button on the Toolbar, or press CTRL+M.

The Autosum button automatically enters the equal sign and the SUM function along with proposed arguments.  Works looks up and to the left for entries to propose as arguments.

My entry appears in exponential notation after I enter a formula?

The cell is not wide enough to display the entry.  Just change the column width.


To insert a cell or range reference

1	Type the formula up to where you want to insert the reference.

The formula is displayed in both the cell and the formula bar.

2	Highlight the cell or range you want to refer to.

You can use the UP and DOWN arrow keys, the mouse, or the Go To command on the Select menu to go to the cell or range you want.

The reference appears automatically in the formula.

3	Click in the formula bar or press F2.

4	Type the rest of the formula.

If you make a mistake, press BACKSPACE.

If you decide not to enter the formula, press ESC or click the Cancel box in the formula bar.

5	Press ENTER.
--or--
Click the Enter box in the formula bar.

When you insert a cell or range reference in a function, the reference must be enclosed in parentheses.

I see ##### instead of my entry after I enter a formula?

The cell is not wide enough to display the entry.  Just change the column width.


To show or hide formulas

From the Options menu, choose Show Formulas.

Works widens all columns to twice their width and shows all formulas in their cells.  Entries that are values, not formulas, are shown without their number or time/date formatting.

When Show Formulas is on, Works displays a check mark beside the command on the menu.

To hide the formulas, choose Show Formulas again.  The original column widths and number formats are restored.


To turn manual calculation on or off

From the Options menu, choose Manual Calculation.

Works displays a check mark beside the menu command to show that manual calculation is on.

When manual calculation is on, "CALC" appears in the status bar.

To turn manual calculation off, choose Manual Calculation again.


To calculate manually

1	If you have not turned on manual calculation, from the Options menu, choose Manual Calculation.  Works displays "CALC" in the status bar when manual calculation is on.

2	Change the values and formulas you want.

3	From the Options menu, choose Calculate Now.
--or--
Press F9.

4	Repeat steps 2 and 3 as needed.

5	When you're ready to return to automatic calculation, choose Manual Calculation again.


To insert an absolute or mixed reference

1	Type the formula up to where you want to insert the reference.

The formula is displayed in both the cell and the formula bar.

2	Highlight the cell or range you want to refer to.

You can use the UP and DOWN arrow keys, the mouse, or the Go To command on the Select menu to go to the cell or range you want.

The reference appears automatically in the formula.

3	Click in the formula bar or press F2.

4	Press F4 until the type of reference you want appears in the formula bar.  As you press F4, the reference types will cycle in this order:

Absolute reference	$A$2

Relative column, absolute row	A$2

Absolute column, relative row	$A2

Relative reference	A2

5	Type the rest of the formula.

If you make a mistake, press BACKSPACE.

If you decide not to enter the formula, press ESC or click the Cancel box in the formula bar.

6	Press ENTER.
--or--
Click the Enter box in the formula bar.

When you insert a cell or range reference in a function, the reference must be enclosed in parentheses.


To name a cell or range

1	Highlight the cell or range you want to name.

2	From the Edit menu, choose Range Name.

3	Type a name no longer than 15 characters.

--Or--

Accept the name that Works suggests.

The Names box lists existing names with their references.

4	Choose OK.

Note:  A cell or range can have more than one name assigned to it.


To delete a name

1	From the Edit menu, choose Range Name.

2	Choose the name you want to delete.

3	Choose Delete.

4	Choose Close.


To create a list of names

1	Move the highlight to the cell where you want your list to begin.

Make sure the cells below and the column to the right are empty, or the list will replace any existing entries in those cells.

2	From the Edit menu, choose Range Name.

3	Choose List.


To change a name's reference

1	Highlight the cell or range you want the name to refer to.

2	From the Edit menu, choose Range Name.

3	Choose the name you want to assign to the new cell or range.

4	Choose OK.

Note:  A cell or range can have more than one name assigned to it.


To use a function in a formula

1	Highlight the cell in which you want to enter the formula.

2	Type = (equal sign) and then type the function and its arguments, if any.

As you type, the text is displayed in both the cell and the formula bar.

If you make a mistake, press BACKSPACE.

3	Press ENTER, TAB, or an arrow key ( [image]) .
--or--
Click another cell or the Enter box in the formula bar.

Note:  You can enter more than one function in a formula.

If you want to use the SUM function, you can click the Autosum button on the Toolbar, or press CTRL+M.

The Autosum button automatically enters the equal sign and the SUM function along with proposed arguments.  Works looks up and to the left of the currently selected cell for entries to propose as arguments.

I see ##### instead of my entry after I enter a formula?

The cell is not wide enough to display the entry.  Just change the column width.


To edit part of an entry

1	Highlight the cell you want to edit.

The entry is displayed in the formula bar.

2	Press F2 or click in the formula bar.

A blinking insertion point is displayed in the formula bar.

3	Move the insertion point to the place you want to edit.

4	To delete a character to the left of the insertion point, press BACKSPACE.
--Or--
To delete a character to the right of the insertion point, press DELETE.

5	Type any new text you want.

6	Press ENTER or click the Enter box in the formula bar.

To cancel your changes, press ESC or click the Cancel box.


To replace an entry

1	Highlight the entry you want to replace.

The entry is displayed in the formula bar.

2	Type the new entry.

As you type, the new information replaces the old entry.

If you make a mistake, press BACKSPACE.

3	Press ENTER or click the Enter box in the formula bar.

To cancel your changes, press ESC or click the Cancel box.


To remove an entry or range of entries

1	Highlight the cell or range whose entries you want to remove.

2	To remove the entries and their formats, from the Edit menu, choose Cut.
--or--
Press CTRL+X.

--Or--

To permanently remove the entries but keep the cell formats, from the Edit menu, choose Clear.

To clear only the active cell, press BACKSPACE, and then press ENTER.

When you choose the Cut command, Works places the information on the Clipboard.  You can then paste that information as many times as you like until you cut or copy other information to the Clipboard.


To remove a series of entries in a range

1	Highlight the range containing the entries you want to remove.

2	Press the DEL key.
--or--
Press BACKSPACE.

Works clears the first entry, leaving the cell's format intact.

--Or--

Type a new entry if you want to replace the old one.

3	Press ENTER or click the Enter box in the formula bar.

Works moves the highlight to the next cell in the range.

4	Continue repeating steps 2 and 3 until you have removed the entries you want.


To copy entries

Important: When you copy information to cells that already contain entries, the copied information replaces the existing entries.  To avoid this, you can insert blank rows or columns before you paste.

1	If necessary, insert one or more blank rows or columns where you want to place the copied entries.

2	Highlight the cell or range of cells whose entries you want to copy.

3	From the Edit menu, choose Copy.
--or--
Press CTRL+C.

4	If you want to copy to another Works spreadsheet, open or switch to the spreadsheet.

5	Highlight the upper-left cell of the range you want to copy to.

6	From the Edit menu, choose Paste.
--or--
Press CTRL+V.

When you choose Paste, Works pastes the entire range you cut into the new location.  If you want to be sure you have enough room for the range you're pasting, highlight the entire range you want to paste into in step 5 of the procedure above.  Works will paste only as much of the cut range as will fit in the highlighted range.  This is an easy way to be sure you don't copy over existing entries.

When you choose the Copy command, Works places the information on the Clipboard.  You can then paste that information as many times as you like until you cut or copy other information to the Clipboard.


To fill down

Important: When you fill down, the copied information replaces any existing entries.  To avoid this, you can insert blank rows or columns before you paste.

1	If necessary, insert one or more blank rows or columns where you want to place the copied entries.

2	Highlight the cell or range of cells you want to copy and the area below that you want to copy to.

3	From the Edit menu, choose Fill Down.

You can enter the same information into each cell in a range by highlighting the range, typing the information into the active cell, and then pressing CTRL+ENTER.

Works enters the information into each of the cells you highlighted.


To fill right

Important: When you fill down or right,the copied information replaces any existing entries.  To avoid this, you can insert blank rows or columns before you paste.

1	If necessary, insert one or more blank rows or columns where you want to place the copied entries.

2	Highlight the cell or range of cells you want to copy and the area to the right that you want to copy to.

3	From the Edit menu, choose Fill Right.

You can enter the same information into each cell in a range by highlighting the range, typing the information into the active cell, and then pressing CTRL+ENTER.

Works enters the information into each of the cells you highlighted.


To copy, add, or subtract values only

Important: If you move values to cells that already contain entries, the moved values may replace the existing entries.  To avoid this, you can insert blank rows or columns before you paste.

1	If necessary, insert one or more blank rows or columns where you want to place the moved entries.

2	Highlight the cell or range of cells whose values you want to copy.

3	From the Edit menu, choose Copy.
--or--
Press CTRL+C.

4	If you want to copy to another Works spreadsheet, open or switch to the file.

Highlight the upper-left cell of the range you want to paste to, add to, or subtract from.

5	From the Edit menu, choose Paste Special.

6	Choose the option you want.

When you choose Values Only, pasting replaces existing values and formats in the cells you paste to.  When you choose Add Values or Subtract Values, pasting adds or subtracts without affecting existing formats.

7	Choose OK.

When you choose Paste Special, Works pastes the entire range you cut into the new location.  If you want to be sure you have enough room for the range you're pasting, highlight the entire range you want to paste into in step 4 of the procedure above.  Works will paste only as much of the range as fits in the highlighted range.  This is an easy way to be sure you don't copy over existing entries.


To copy to the Database

1	Highlight the cell or range of cells you want to copy.

2	From the Edit menu, choose Copy.
--or--
Press CTRL+C.

3	Open or switch to the Database file you want to copy to.

4	Move the highlight or insertion point to the location you want to copy to.

5	From the Edit menu, choose Paste.
--or--
Press CTRL+V.

Work copies values and formats, but not formulas.

When you choose the Copy command, Works places the information on the Clipboard.  You can then paste that information as many times as you like until you cut or copy other information to the Clipboard.


To copy entries to the Word Processor

1	Highlight the cell or range of cells you want to copy.

2	From the Edit menu, choose Copy.
--or--
Press CTRL+C.

3	Open or switch to the Word Processor document you want to copy to.

4	Move the highlight or insertion point to the location you want to copy to.

5	From the Edit menu, choose Paste.
--or--
Press CTRL+V.

Works copies values and formats, but not formuals and cell borders.  You can edit the entries in the Word Processor as you would any other text.

To copy entries to the Word Processor as a picture

1	Highlight the cell or range of cells you want to copy.

2	From the Edit menu, choose Copy.
--or--
Press CTRL+C.

3	Open or switch to the Word Processor document you want to copy to.

4	Move the highlight or insertion point to the location you want to copy to.

5	From the Edit menu, choose Paste Special.

6	In the Data Type box, choose Picture.

7	Choose Paste.

Works inserts the entries just as they appear in your spreadsheet, including cell borders and gridlines.  You cannot edit the entries, however.

When you choose the Copy command, Works places the information on the Clipboard.  You can then paste that information as many times as you like until you cut or copy other information to the Clipboard.


To move entries

Important: If you move information to cells that already contain entries, the moved information replaces the existing entries.  To avoid this, you can insert blank rows or columns before you paste.

1	If necessary, insert one or more blank rows or columns where you want to place the moved entries.

2	Highlight the cell or range of cells whose entries you want to move.

3	From the Edit menu, choose Cut.
--or--
Press CTRL+X.

4	Highlight the upper-left cell of the range you want to move to.

5	From the Edit menu, choose Paste.
--or--
Press CTRL+V.

When you choose Paste, Works pastes the entire range you cut into the new location.  If you want to be sure you have enough room for the range you're pasting, highlight the entire range you want to paste into in step 4 of the procedure above.  Works will paste only as much of the range as fits in the highlighted range.  This is an easy way to be sure you don't paste over existing entries.

When you choose the Cut command, Works places the information on the Clipboard.  You can then paste that information as many times as you like until you cut or copy other information to the Clipboard.


To move rows or columns

Important: If you move information to cells that already contain entries, the moved information replaces the existing entries.  To avoid this, you can insert blank rows or columns before you paste.

1	If necessary, insert one or more blank rows or columns where you want to place the moved rows or columns.

2	Highlight the columns or rows whose entries you want to move.

3	From the Edit menu, choose Cut.
--or--
Press CTRL+X.

4	Move the highlight to the column you want to appear to the right of the moved columns, or to the row you want to appear below the moved rows.

Works inserts the moved columns or rows to the left of the column or above the row you highlight.

5	From the Edit menu, choose Paste.
--or--
Press CTRL+V.

When you choose the Cut command, Works places the information on the Clipboard.  You can then paste that information as many times as you like until you cut or copy other information to the Clipboard.


To move, add, or subtract values only

Important:  If you move values to cells that already contain entries, the moved values may replace the existing entries.  To avoid this, you can insert blank rows or columns before you paste.

1	If necessary, insert one or more blank rows or columns where you want to place the moved entries.

2	Highlight the cell or range of cells whose values you want to move.

3	From the Edit menu, choose Cut.
--or--
Press CTRL+X.

4	If you want to move to another Works spreadsheet, open or switch to the file.

5	Highlight the upper-left cell of the range you want to move to, add to, or subtract from.

6	From the Edit menu, choose Paste Special.

7	Choose the option you want.

When you choose Values Only, pasting replaces existing values and formats in the cells you paste to.  When you chose Add Values or Subtract Values, pasting adds or subtracts without affecting existing formats.

8	Choose OK.

When you choose Paste Special, Works pastes the entire range you cut into the new location.  If you want to be sure you have enough room for the range you're pasting, highlight the entire range you want to paste into in step 4 of the procedure above.  Works will paste only as much of the range as fits in the highlighted range.  This is an easy way to be sure you don't paste over existing entries.


To move entries to another tool

1	Highlight the cell or range of cells whose entries you want to move.

2	From the Edit menu, choose Cut.
--or--
Press CTRL+X.

3	Open or switch to the  Works file you want to move the entries to.

4	Move the highlight or insertion point to the location in the file where you want to place the information.

5	From the Edit menu, choose Paste.
--or--
Press CTRL+V.

Note:  When you move information to another tool, both the values and formatting (number format, alignment, and style) are moved.  The font, however, is not moved.  For example, if you move entries to the Word Processor, the entries appear in the font of the paragraph you move to.


To quickly change the alignment

1	Highlight the cells whose alignment you want to change.

2	On the Toolbar, click the alignment you want.

--or--

To align	Press

Left	CTRL+L

Center	CTRL+E

Right	CTRL+R

Note:  General alignment (left-aligned text and right-aligned numbers) is not indicated by the Toolbar alignment buttons.

To change the alignment and apply other styles

1	Highlight the cells whose format you want to change.

2	From the Format menu, choose Style.

3	Under Alignment, choose the alignment you want.

4	Under Styles, choose the styles you want.

5	Choose OK.

If you applied an alignment or style using the Style command or the Toolbar, you can apply the same alignment to another group of highlighted cells by pressing SHIFT+F7.

You can change cell alignment before you enter information.  You won't see the alignment until you enter the information.


To quickly change the style

1	Highlight the cell or range whose style you want to change.

2	On the Toolbar, choose the styles you want.

To change the style and alignment

1	Highlight the cell or range whose style and alignment you want to change.

2	From the Format menu, choose Style.

3	Under Styles, choose the styles you want.

4	Under Alignment, choose the alignment you want.

5	Choose OK.

If you applied a style or alignment using the Style command, you can apply the same style to another group of highlighted cells by pressing SHIFT+F7.

You can apply styles to cells before you enter information.  You won't see the styles until you enter the information.

To quickly remove the style formats from highighted cells, press CTRL+SPACEBAR.


To change the font and font size

1	On the Toolbar, click the down arrow to the right of the Font box to display the available fonts.

2	Click the font you want.

3	On the Toolbar, click the down arrow to the right of the point size box to display the available point sizes.

4	Click the size you want.

--Or--

1	From the Format menu, choose Font.

2	Under Font, choose the font you want.

3	Under Size, choose the size you want.

4	Choose OK.

The font or size I want isn't listed?

The fonts and sizes you see listed are determined by the printer you using.  If your printer doesn't support the font or size you want to use, you may be able to add additional fonts or sizes to it.  For information on adding fonts, see your printer's documentation.

You can fit more information on a page by selecting a small point size.


To change cell borders

1	Highlight the cell whose borders you want to change.

2	From the Format menu, choose Border.

3	Choose the borders you want.

4	Choose OK.


To hide or show the Toolbar

From the Options menu, choose Show Toolbar.

Works hides the Toolbar and removes the check mark from beside the command on the menu.

To display the Toolbar again, choose Show Toolbar again.


To hide the status bar

1	From the Options menu, choose Works Settings.

2	Clear the Show Status Bar check box.

3	Choose OK.

Works hides the status bar.

To display the status bar

1	From the Options menu, choose Works Settings.

2	Choose the Show Status Bar check box.


To hide or show gridlines

From the Options menu, choose Show Gridlines.

Works hides the spreadsheet's gridlines and removes the check mark from beside the command on the menu.

To display the gridlines again, choose Show Gridlines again.


To split the Spreadsheet window

1	To divide the window horizontally...

2	Drag the split bar down.

3	To divide the window vertically...

...move the mouse pointer to the split bar located in the lower-left corner of the document window.

When you have the pointer in the right place, it changes shape.

4	Drag the split bar to the right.

--Or--

1	From the Window menu, choose Split.

2	To move the horizontal split bar, press [image] or [image].

--Or--

To move the vertical split bar, press [image] or

3	Press ENTER.


To move between panes

Click in the pane you want.

--or--

To move to the	Press

Next pane	F6

Previous pane	SHIFT+F6


To remove the panes

Double-click the split bar.

--Or--

Drag the split lines out of the window.

--Or--

1	From the Window menu, choose Split.

2	To remove the horizontal split line, press [image] or [image] until the line reaches the top or bottom of the window.

--Or--

To remove the vertical split line, press [image] or [image] until the line reaches the right or left edge of the window.

3	Press ENTER.


To find text or values

1	Highlight the cell from which you want to begin the search.  To search the entire spreadsheet, highlight cell A1.  To limit the search to a range, highlight that range.

2	From the Select menu, choose Find.

3	Type the text or value you want to find.

4	In the Look By box, choose Rows or Columns.

Choose Rows to search first across the spreadsheet.  Choose Columns to search down first.

5	Choose OK.

To repeat the previous search, press F7.


To find text or values in formulas

1	Highlight the cell from which you want to begin the search.  To search the entire spreadsheet, highlight cell A1.  To limit the search to a range, highlight that range.

2	From the Options menu, choose Show Formulas.

A check mark is displayed beside the command on the menu when formulas are shown.

3	From the Select menu, choose Find.

4	Type the text or value you want to find.

5	In the Look By box, choose Rows or Columns.

Choose Rows to search first across the spreadsheet.  Choose Columns to search down first.

6	Choose OK.

To repeat the previous search, press F7.


To sort rows

1	In the column or columns you want to sort by, highlight cells in the rows you want to sort.  You can sort by up to three columns.

To sort all rows in the spreadsheet, highlight the entire column or columns you want to sort by.

2	From the Select menu, choose Sort Rows.

The leftmost highlighted column is proposed as the first column to be sorted.  To sort by a different column, type the column letter you want.

3	Choose either Ascend (A-Z or 0-9) or Descend(A-Z or 0-9).

4	To sort by a second column, move to the 2nd Column box and type the column letter you want.  Choose either Ascend or Descend.

5	To sort by a third column, move to the 3rd Column box and type the column letter you want.  Choose either Ascend or Descend.

6	Choose OK.


To protect only some cells

1	Check to make sure that protection is turned off.

2	Highlight the cells you do not want to protect.

3	From the Format menu, choose Style.

4	To unlock the selected cells, clear the Locked check box.

5	Choose OK.

6	Repeat steps 2 through 5 until you have unlocked each cell or range you do not want to protect.

7	From the Options menu, choose Protect Data.

When protection is turned on, a check mark appears beside the Protect Data command.  Entries in fields that are locked cannot be changed.


To protect all cells

1	Check to make sure that all cells in the spreadsheet are locked.

2	From the Options menu, choose Protect Data.

When protection is on, a check mark appears beside the command on the menu.

Note:  To turn protection off, choose the Protect Data command again.


To turn data protection off

From the Options menu, choose Protect Data.

When protection is turned off, there is no check mark beside the Protect Data command.


To copy to another application

1	Highlight the cell or range of cells you want to copy.

2	From the Edit menu, choose Copy.
--or--
Press CTRL+C.

3	Open the application and file you want to copy to.

4	Move the insertion point or highlight to the location you want to copy to.

5	From the Edit menu, choose Paste or the equivalent command.

When you choose the copy command, Works places the information on the Clipboard.  You can then paste that information as many times as you like until you cut or copy other information to the Clipboard.

If you copy to a word processor document, you may need to adjust tab stops, fonts, and font sizes to properly display the copied information.

If you copy to a database, you may need to adjust the field size to properly display the copied information.


To move information to another application

1	Highlight the cell or range of cells you want to move.

2	From the Edit menu, choose Cut.
--or--
Press CTRL+X.

3	Open the application and file you want to move information to.

4	Move the insertion point or highlight to the location you want to move information to.

5	From the Edit menu, choose Paste or the equivalent command.

When you choose the cut command, Works places the information on the Clipboard.  You can then paste that information as many times as you like until you cut or copy other information to the Clipboard.

If you move to a word processor document, you may need to adjust tab stops, fonts, and font sizes to properly display the moved information.

If you move to a database, you may need to adjust the field size to properly display the moved information.


To save a spreadsheet as a text file

1	From the File menu, choose Save As.

2	Choose Text & Commas, Text & Tabs (DOS) or Text & Tabs.

If you choose:

Text & Commas, the file is saved in ASCII format.  Entries are separated by commas, and text, error values, dates, times, and numbers in currency or percent format are enclosed in quotation marks.

Text & Tabs (DOS), the text file is saved in ASCII format.  Entries are separated by tabs, and number formats are saved.  Try this before choosing Text & Tabs.

Text & Tabs, the text file is saved in ANSI format.  Entries are separated by tabs, and number formats are saved.  Only some Windows applications recognize this format.

3	If you want to rename the text version of the file, type a filename up to eight characters long.  Works automatically adds the extension .csv if you chose Text & Commas or .txt if you chose Text & Tabs.

4	Choose OK.

The spreadsheet is saved on your disk as a text file.  Your original file is still displayed and is not replaced or altered.

I have trouble opening the file in the other application?

Try saving the file in another text file format.  For example, if you saved the file as Text & Tabs (DOS), try saving the file as Text & Tabs or Text & Commas.

I want to save the file in another directory or to another drive?

In the File Save As box, choose the directory or drive you want.


To open a Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet

1	From the File menu, choose Open Existing File.

2	Choose the drive and directory that contains the Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet you want to open.

3	In the List Files of Type box, choose All Files (*.*).

4	In the File Name box, choose the name of the Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet you want to open.

5	Choose OK.


To save a worksheet in Microsoft Excel to use in Works

1	Open or switch to Microsoft Excel.

2	Open the worksheet you want to use in Works.

3	From the File menu, choose Save As.

4	Choose the Options button.

5	In the File Format box, choose WKS.

In the Save Worksheet As box,  Excel changes the filename extension to .WKS, the Works spreadsheet extension.

6	Choose the OK button.

Microsoft Excel saves your worksheet with the new extension.  Your original Excel worksheet, with the .XLS extension, remains unchanged.

7	Quit Microsoft Excel, and then open the spreadsheet in Works.


To open a text file from another application

1	From the File menu, choose Open Existing File.

2	Type the filename and extension of the text file you want to open.

Note:  If the file is located in a different directory or on another drive, choose the directory or drive you want.

3	Choose OK.

Works displays the Open File As box.

4	Choose the tool you want to open the file in.

5	Works proposes Text for DOS.  Try this option first.  If the text file does not open, choose Text for Windows.

6	Choose OK.


To create a header or footer

1	From the Edit menu, choose Headers & Footers.

2	Type the text and any header and footer codes you want (see table below).

For example, to left-align the header Customers, type...

...or type this to have Works automatically insert the page number as a footer.

3	Choose OK.

Header and Footer Codes

To	Type

Print the page	&p

number

Print the date in	&d

short format

Print the date in 	&n

long format

Print the time	&t

Print the filename	&f

Left-align text	&l

Center text	&c

Right-align text	&r

Print & (ampersand)	&&

To see what a header or footer looks like before you print or to check its position on the page, click the Preview button on the Toolbar.

In a header or footer, Works prints dates in the format 3/15/92 (short form) or March 15, 1992 (long form), and times in the format 3:45PM (12-hour clock).  This may vary depending on the country you chose when you installed Windows.

For more information, see [image] Changing the International Settings.


To delete a header or footer

1	From the Edit menu, choose Headers & Footers.

2	In the Header or Footer box, highlight the text you want to delete.

3	Press the DEL key.

4	If necessary, repeat steps 2 and 3 to delete text in the other box.

5	Choose OK.


To print without a header or footer on the first page

1	From the Edit menu, choose Headers & Footers.

2	Choose the options you want.

3	Choose OK.


To adjust the header or footer margin

1	From the File menu, choose Page Setup & Margins.

2	Type a new measurement for any of the margins you want to change.

Works assumes the unit of measure is inches--you don't have to type the inch symbol (").

The header margin must be smaller than the top margin and the footer margin must be smaller than the bottom margin.

3	Choose OK.

If you want to enter another unit of measure, such as centimeters, points, or picas, type the abbreviation after the measurement.  For example, type cm for centimeters, pi for picas, or pt for points.

For information on changing the preset unit of measure, see [image] How to Change the Unit of Measure.

If you want to check the header or footer position on the page before you print, click the Preview button on the Toolbar.


To change the page size

1	From the File menu, choose Page Setup & Margins.

2	Type a new measurement for the page length or width.

Works assumes the unit of measure is inches--you don't have to type the inch symbol (").

Note: If you want to print on legal paper, change the page length to 14".

3	Choose OK.

4	From the File menu, choose Printer Setup.

5	To print on paper other than 8.5" by 11", choose the paper size you want.

6	Choose OK.

Note:  When you change the page size in the Printer Setup dialog box, you change it for all documents and applications.

For example, if you change to legal-size paper (8.5" by 14"), but then want to print a document on letter-size paper (8.5" by 11"), you need to:

1	Make sure the page length and width settings are correct in the Page Setup & Margins dialog box.

2	Change the paper size back to letter size (8.5" by 11") in the Printer Setup dialog box.

If you forget to do this, Works will give you a message before you print.


To change the page orientation

1	From the File menu, choose Page Setup & Margins.

2	To change the page orientation, switch the height and width measurements.

For example, to print horizontally on 8.5" by 11" paper, change the length to 8.5" and the width to 11".

Works assumes the unit of measure is inches--you don't have to type the inch symbol (").

3	Choose OK.

4	From the File menu, choose Printer Setup.

5	Under Orientation, choose Portrait or Landscape.

If you choose Landscape orientation, it may affect the way all your documents look.  See the Notes section below for more information.

6	Choose OK.

Notes:

When you change the orientation in the Printer Setup dialog box, you change it for all documents and applications.

For example, if you change the orientation to landscape but then want to print a document in portrait orientation, you need to:

1	Change the page length and width in the Page Setup & Margins dialog box.

2	Change the orientation back to Portrait in the Printer Setup dialog box.

If you forget to do this, Works will give you a message before you print.

When you change to landscape orientation, there are only certain fonts that are available for printing.  This may temporarily change the way all your documents look.

For example, if you print your spreadsheet and then want to print a word processor document using other fonts, you need to change back to portrait orientation to see those fonts again.


To adjust page margins

1	From the File menu, choose Page Setup & Margins.

2	Type a new measurement for any margin you want to change.

Works assumes the unit of measure is inches--you don't have to type the inch symbol (").

The header margin must be smaller than the top margin and the footer margin must be smaller than the bottom margin.

3	Choose OK.

Note: Margins for headers and footers are different from page margins.  For more information, see [image] Defining Headers and Footers.

If you want to enter another unit of measure, such as centimeters, points, or picas, type the abbreviation after the measurement.  Type cm for centimeters, pi for picas, or pt for points.

For information on changing the preset unit of measure, see [image] How to Change the Unit of Measure.

If you want to see what the margins look like before you print, click the Preview button on the Toolbar.


To insert a page break

1	To insert a horizontal page break, highlight the row you want to appear below the page break.

--Or--

To insert a vertical page break, highlight the column you want to appear to the right of the page break.

2	From the Edit menu, choose Insert Page Break.

Works inserts the page break and automatically adjusts all other page breaks.


To delete a page break

1	To delete a horizontal page break, highlight the row below the page break.

--Or--

To delete a vertical page break, highlight the column to the right of the page break.

2	From the Edit menu, choose Delete Page Break.

Works deletes the page break and adjusts all remaining page breaks.


To preview a spreadsheet

1	On the Toolbar, click the Print Preview button

--or--
From the File menu, choose Print Preview.

Works displays the document in the print preview window.

2	To:

See the next page, choose Next.

See the previous page, choose Previous.

Magnify the page half way, choose Zoom In.

To move from one part of the magnified page to another, use the scroll bars
--or--
Press PAGE UP or PAGE DOWN.

Magnify the page fully, choose Zoom In twice.

Return to the full page, choose Zoom Out once or twice depending on how many times you magnified the page.

Print the document, choose Print.

Leave print preview, choose Cancel.

When you move the mouse pointer over the page it changes to a magnifying glass.  You can then click the page to zoom in or out.


To print a spreadsheet

1	If you want to print with gridlines or row and column labels, choose Page Setup & Margins from the File menu, choose the options you want, and then choose OK.

2	On the Toolbar, click the Print button.

--or--

From the File menu, choose Print.

--or--

Press CTRL+P.

3	If you want to print more than one copy, type the number of copies you want.

4	If you only want to print part of the spreadsheet, choose the Pages option and then type the page numbers you want to print.

5	If you want Works to print without bold, italic, and underline formatting, choose Draft Quality Printing.  Depending on your printer, Works may print faster with Draft Quality Printing chosen.

6	Choose OK.

You can see the page numbers for your spreadsheet in the preview window.  To preview a spreadsheet, click the Preview button on the Toolbar.

The columns on my printed pages don't line up correctly?

The printer font you're using is a proportional one.  Choose a non-proportional font, such as Courier or Pica, for your spreadsheet.  For more information on fonts, see  [image] Changing the Font and Font Size.


To change the starting page number

1	From the File menu, choose Page Setup & Margins.

2	Type the number you want Works to use as the starting page number.

3	Choose OK.

I don't see any page numbers on my printed document?

You need to create a header or footer that tells Works to insert the page number.  For more information, see [image] How to Create a Header or Footer.


To print a range

1	If you want to print with gridlines or row and column labels, choose Page Setup & Margins from the File menu, choose the options you want, and then choose OK.

2	Highlight the range you want to print.

3	From the File menu, choose Set Print Area.

Note:  If you later want to reset the print area to include the entire spreadsheet, choose All from the Select menu to select the entire spreadsheet, and then choose Set Print Area from the File menu.

4	On the Toolbar, click the Print button

--or--
From the File menu, choose Print.
--or--
Press CTRL+P.

5	If you want to print more than one copy, type the number of copies you want.

The columns on my printed pages don't line up correctly?

The printer font you're using is a proportional one.  Choose a non-proportional font, such as Courier or Pica, for your spreadsheet.  For more information, see  [image] Changing the Font and Font Size.


Gridlines

Lines used to divide your spreadsheet into a grid of rows and columns.

To hide or display the gridlines, choose the Show Gridlines command from the Options menu.

To print with gridlines, choose Page Setup & Margins from the File menu, then click the Print Gridlines check box


Absolute value

The nonnegative number equal in numerical value to a given real number.

For example, the absolute value of -16 is 16.


Filename

Filenames can contain up to eight characters.  You can use any characters except for spaces and those shown below, which have a special meaning for DOS.

When you save a document, Works automatically adds a three letter extension to the filename to help you identify the type of document.  Works adds the extension .WPS to a Word Processor document, .WKS to a spreadsheet, or .WDB to a database..


To add a right vertical (Y) axis

1	From the Format menu, choose Two Vertical (Y) Axes.

2	In the Value Series boxes, choose one or more value (Y) series you want to assign to the right vertical (Y) axis.

3	Choose OK.


To choose a tool

Click the one you want or.

--or--

Press ALT+the underlined letter of the tool you want.


To move the insertion point ( [image]) or highlight ( [image])

Click where you want to place the insertion point or highlight.

--or--

Press the arrow keys ( [image]).


Proportional font

A font in which different letters take up different amounts of space.  For example, in a proportional font a "w" takes up more space in a line than than an "i".  In a non-proportional font, both these characters occupy the same amount of space.


To choose a check box

Click each empty check box you want to choose.

Note:  To clear a check box, click it again.


To clear a check box

Click each check box you want to clear.  A cleared check box is empty.

Note:  To choose a checkbox, click it again.


To check that protection is turned off

1	Click the Options menu.

2	If protection is turned off, there will be no check mark next to Protect Data.

3	If you see a check mark next to Protect Data, click Protect Data to turn protection off.


To check that all cells are locked

1	Highlight the entire spreadsheet by clicking the button above the first row number.

2	From the Format menu choose Style.

If all fields are locked, an X appears in the check box.  If only some of the fields are locked, the check box appears grayed.

3	If only some of the fields are locked, click the check box to lock all fields.


To choose a different directory or drive

To choose a different directory, click the Drive icon then double-click the directory or subdirectory you want.

To choose a different drive, click the down arrow to see the list of drives then click the drive you want.

For example, to save a file on a floppy disk, choose drive a:.


Column labels

Letters that identify the spreadsheet's columns.  There are 256 columns.


Row labels

Numbers that identify the spreadsheet's rows.  There are 4096 rows.


Scroll bars

Use to view different parts of your spreadsheet.


Horizontal split bar

Drag to divide the spreadsheet window into two panes horizontally.


Vertical split bar

Drag to divide the spreadsheet window into two panes vertically.


Formula

A sequence of values, cell references, names, functions, or operators that is contained in a cell and produces a new value from existing values.

When you type a formula, start with an equal sign (=).


Cell

The intersection between a column and row.  For example, column D and row 2 meet at cell D2.


Active cell

The cell bordered by the highlight.

The contents of the active cell appear in the formula bar.


Range

A rectangular section of a spreadsheet containing two or more cells.


Format

Refers to the way an entry looks within a cell.  The format includes the alignment (general, left, right, center), styles (bold, italic, underline), and the way dates, times, and numbers are displayed.


To highlight a cell or range of cells

Click the cell you want to highlight.

To highlight a range, move the pointer ( [image]) to the upper-left cell in the range; then hold down the mouse button and drag until you highlight the entries you want.


To highlight rows or columns

Click the row or column label.

To highlight several adjacent rows or columns, move the pointer ( [image]) to a row or column label; then hold down the mouse button and drag down or to the right, respectively, until you highlight the rows or columns you want.


To highlight the entire spreadsheet

Click the highlight box at the top-left corner of the spreadsheet.

--or--

From the Select menu, choose All.
--or--
Press CTRL+SHIFT+F8.


To highlight text

Drag the mouse pointer through the text.


Cell or range reference

The location of a cell or range designated by column and row labels.  For example, the cell reference of the active cell below is C2.


Cell reference

The location of a cell designated by column and row labels.  For example, the cell reference of the active cell below is C2.


Range reference

The location of a range designated by column and row labels.  For example, the range reference of the highlighted range below is B2:C4.


Range name

A name you create and use to refer to a cell or range instead of its reference.  Names make formulas easier to understand.  You can use names and references interchangeably.


Status bar

An area at the bottom of the Works window that displays messages and command descriptions.

If the status bar is not displayed, choose Works Settings from the Options menu and then choose Show Status Bar.


Number

A number can be entered directly in a cell or produced as the result of a formula.  You can apply various formats to numbers.

Note:  When you enter a date or time in a format Works recognizes, Works stores the date or time as a number.


Text

Any set of characters entered in a cell that Works does not interpret as a formula, number, date, time, logical value, or error value.  You can copy, cut, format, and print text, as well as use text in formulas, but Works does not perform calculations on text.


Date

You can enter dates into cells and use them in formulas.   When you type a date, use any of the formats Works recognizes.

When you type a date using a format Works recognizes, Works stores the date as a number.  You can then use the date in a formula to determine elapsed time.


Time

You can enter times into cells and use them in formulas.  When you type a time, use any of the formats Works recognizes.

Note:  When you type a time using a format Works recognizes, Works stores the date as a number.  You can then use the date in a formula to determine elapsed time.


Value

Information that you type directly into a cell, or that is calculated by the formula in a cell.  Values include text, numbers, dates, and times.  A formula is not a value.


Formula bar


Logical value

Either TRUE or FALSE.  Usually, logical values result from formulas that perform comparisons, such as determining if the number in one cell is larger than the number in another cell.


Error value

Values such as ERR or ##### that Works displays when it cannot properly calculate a formula or display its result.  For example, Works displays ##### if you enter a number that is incompatible with the cell's number format.


Cancel box

The button on the formula bar you click to cancel your typing, leaving the entry in the active cell unchanged.


Enter box

The button on the formula bar you click to enter your typing into the active cell.


Works tool

Works has five tools: the Word Processor, Database with Reporting, Spreadsheet, Charting, and Draw. They can be used separately or together, and some types of information can be used in more than one tool.  For example, you can insert a chart into a Word Processor document or copy information from the Spreadsheet to the Database.


Function

A built-in calculation you can use in a formula.  For example, in the formula =AVG(Sales), Works computes the average value of the numbers in the Sales range using the AVG function.  You do not need to manually add or count the values in the range to find the average; Works does this for you.


Template

A "sample document" you can create to save time when you want to create several similar documents.  When you create a template, each new document you create will have the settings, text, and formats you included in the template, until you turn the template off.


Number format

Determines the way a cell displays numbers.  You can format a cell to diplay numbers as percentages (49%), in exponential notation (6.023E+10), with currency symbols and commas ($1.023.00), and so on.


Calculate

The spreadsheet automatically calculates (performs all operations and formulas) every time you enter a value or formula or whenever you save the spreadsheet.  You can also calculate a spreadsheet manually.


Operator

You can use operators in a formula to specify an operation, such as addition or multiplication.  Works recognizes the following operators:

+ (addition), - (subtraction), * (multiplication), / (division), - (negative), + (positive), ^ (exponential), = (equal to).


Constant value

A value you type in a cell, such as a number, date, or time.  Unlike values resulting from formulas, constant values are not subject to change when the spreadsheet recalculates.


Style

Determines the appearance of text and numbers.  You can apply styles such as bold, underline, and italic to draw attention to particular information.


Alignment

Determines the position-(left, center, or right) of an entry in a cell.

Works presets the alignment of text to the left and the alignment of numbers, dates, and times to the right.  You can change alignment as you like for individual cells and ranges of cells.


Text file (ASCII)

A file containing only text and values (including number formats), but not containing cell or text formatting or formulas.  When you save a spreadsheet as a text file, the cell entries are separated by commas, and the rows of entries are separated by paragraph marks.


Cell border

A solid line you can add to a cell to emphasize key information and make your spreadsheet easier to read.  You can add any combination of lines to the left, right, top, or bottom of a cell.


Tab mark ( [image])

A character inserted when you press TAB.  If you copy or move spreadsheet information to a word processor, each cell entry is separated from the next by a tab mark.


Paragraph mark ( [image])

The character inserted when you press ENTER.  If you copy or move spreadsheet information to a word processor, each cell entry is separated from the next by a tab stop and each row ends with a paragraph mark.


Page break

Tells the printer where to end one page and where to begin printing a new one.  Works automatically inserts a page break when you've entered enough information to fill a page.  As you enter or delete information, Works adjusts the automatic page breaks.

You can also insert manual page breaks.  When you insert a manual page break, Works repositions the automatic page breaks that follow it.


Field

A category of information in a database, such as Last name or First name.

The term "field" refers to both the field name and the entry.


Record

In a database, all the information about one person, product, event, and so on.

For example, in an address list, a record includes all the information about one person, such as their last name, first name, street, city, state and Zip Code.


Header

Text that prints at the top of every printed page.  You can use headers to add page numbers, titles, or dates to your printed document.


Footer

Text that prints at the bottom of every printed page.  You can use footers to add page numbers, titles, or dates to your printed document.


Orientation

The placement of your spreadsheet on the printed page.  Normally, you print vertically, in portrait orientation.  You can also print sideways on the page in landscape orientation.


Margin

The space between the edges of a printed page and the printed area.


Time/date format

Specifies how to display times and dates.  An example of a long date format is month, day, year (Sep 25, 1947); a short date format is month, year (9/47).  An example of a 12-hour time format is 2:30 PM; a 24-hour time format is 14:30.


Dialog box

A window that displays options for you to review or change.  When you choose a menu command that is followed by an ellipsis (...), Works displays a dialog box to get specific information before carrying out the command.  A dialog box is your way of "conversing" with Works.


Arrow keys

The UP ARROW, DOWN ARROW, LEFT ARROW, and RIGHT ARROW keys ( [image]).


Toolbar

Use the Toolbar to quickly:

Change the font, style, and alignment of entries in your spreadsheet.

Switch between views.

Preview and print your document

If the Toolbar is not displayed, choose Show Toolbar from the Options menu.


Font

A set of characters with a specific design; also called a typeface or typestyle.  Each font has a name, for example, Courier or Helv.  Each font has one or more sizes (measured in points) to choose from.


Non-proportional font

A font in which all characters take up the same amount of space.  For example, in a non-proportional font a "w" occupies the same amount of space in a line as an "i".  In a proportional font, these characters occupy different amounts of space.


Move the insertion point or highlight

Click where you want to place the insertion point or highlight.

--or--

Press the arrow keys [image].


Change the column width

1	Move the mouse pointer ( [image]) to the border at the right of the column label.

When you have it in the right place, the pointer changes shape.

2	Hold down the mouse button and drag to the left or right until the column is the width you want.


Drag

1	Press and hold down the mouse button and then move the mouse.

2	Stop and release the mouse button.


Pane

You can split a document window into two panes horizontally and two panes vertically.  You can view a different part of the current document in each pane, which makes it easy to compare different sections of a long document.


Block

Adjacent cells with entries comprise a block.  Blocks are separated from each other by empty cells.


Click

1	Move the mouse pointer over the item you want.

2	Press and quickly release the mouse button.


General


Fixed


Comma


Percent


Exponential


Leading zeros


True/False


To choose an option

Click the one you want.  You can only choose one option at a time.


To choose from a drop down list box

If you can't see all of the items, click the up or down arrow or drag the scroll box

To choose the item and complete the command, double-click the item.


To choose from a combo box

If you can't see all of the items, click the up or down arrow or drag the scroll box.

To choose the item and complete the command, double-click the item.


To choose from a list

If you can't see all of the items, click the up or down arrow or drag the scroll box.

To choose the item and complete the command, double-click the item.


Clipboard

A temporary storage area for cut or copied information.  You can paste the contents of the Clipboard into another part of your spreadsheet, another Works document, or another Windows application.


To insert a row or column

1	Highlight a row or column for each row or column you want to insert.

To highlight	Click the

A row	row label

Several rows	uppermost
row label and then

drag down

A column	column label

Several columns	leftmost
column label and then

drag to the right

2	From the Edit menu, choose Insert Row/Column.


To open or switch to a file

To open a file

1	From the File menu, choose Open Existing File.

2	Under File Name, double-click the name of the file you want to open.

If you can't see all of the file names, click the up or down arrow.

If the file is located in a different directory, double-click the directory and then choose the file.

To switch to a file

Click the file or choose its name from the Window menu.


Header margin

The space between the top edge of the paper and the first line of header text.  The header margin must be smaller than the document's top margin.


Footer margin

The space between the bottom edge of the paper and the first line of footer text.  The footer margin must be smaller than the document's bottom margin.


Ascending order

Entries are organized alphabetically from A-Z or numerically from 0-9.  Works sorts text entries first, followed by numbers, and then blanks.

If cells contains mixed entries (such as addresses that contain numbers and text), Works places mixed entries that begin with numbers ahead of mixed entries that begin with text.


Descending order

Entries are organized alphabetically from Z-A or numerically from 9-0.  Works sorts numbers first, followed by text, and then blanks.

If cells contains mixed entries (such as addresses that contain numbers and text), Works places mixed entries that begin with text ahead of mixed entries that begin with numbers.


Inventory Summary

If you enter text that is wider than the column's width, the excess text is displayed in the cells to the right, if those cells are empty.


Vendo

If you enter text that is wider than the column's width, and the cell to the right is not empty, Works displays only the text that fits.


9E+07

If you enter a number that is wider than the column's width, and that width (in characters) is 6 characters or more, Works displays the number in exponential number format.


#### (No.)

If you enter a number that is wider than the column's width, and that width (in characters) is 5 characters or less, Works displays ####.


#### (Date)

If you enter a number that does not match the time/date format of the cell or you enter a date that is wider than the column's width, Works displays ####.


Scale

A set of numbered marks measuring values along an axis.  A scale has a minimum value, a maximum value, and an interval between the marks.


Series

A row or column of spreadsheet entries used in a chart.  A value series is a range of spreadsheet entries represented by bars, lines, pie slices, or points in a chart.  Value (Y) series is also called Y-series, number series, or data series.  A category (X) series is a range of spreadsheet entries used to label the categories along the horizontal (X)-axis of a chart.  Category series is also called horizontal (X) series or X-series.


Variation

Each chart type has several variations to choose from.  For example, there are five variations of bar chart.


Category

The units of measure or identifiers along the horizontal (X) axis.  The tick marks along this axis indicate individual categories.  To identify categories, you can specify a range of spreadsheet entries (numbers or text) as category labels.


Legend

The symbols below a chart that show the colors, patterns, and markers used to represent each value (Y) series.  You can specify a range of spreadsheet cells to appear as the legend's text.


Title bar

The bar at the top of a window that displays the name of the application or document.  If more than one window is open, the title bar for the active window (the one in which you are working) is a different color than the other title bars.  You can move a window by dragging its title bar.


Chart type

Works offers six basic types of charts: bar, line, pie, stacked line, XY (scatter), and combination.  Each chart type has several variations to choose from.  You can change a chart from one type to another or combine types.


Marker

The rectangles, circles, diamonds, and other symbols that mark data points in a line, stacked line, or combination chart.  You can change the marker type, or use no markers at all.


Link

A connection between information in two different applications or Works tools.  When information from one application is copied and linked to another, changes to the original information are automatically made to the copy in the other application.

For example, if you link entries in a Works spreadsheet to a Word Processor document, any changes you make to the entries in the spreadsheet are automatically updated in the Word Processor document.


Title

The text at the top of a chart.  You specify the title text and can change it at any time.


Subtitle

The secondary text below the chart's title.  You specify the title text and can change it at any time.


Axis title

The descriptive text that runs vertically along the right or left vertical (Y) axis or below the horizontal (X) axis and its category labels.  You specify an axis title and can change it at any time.


Preview

You can see how your chart will look before printing by previewing it.  Margins all appear in their correct locations.  Text is scaled to show different font sizes and the chart is scaled to show its printed size.


Plotter

A color printer that uses pens to draw diagrams, charts, and other graphics by plotting locations on a grid.


Data label

Words or numbers from a spreadsheet that call attention to specific values in a chart.  You can display data labels next to or above the specific bars, lines, pie slices, or markers they identify.


Vertical (Y) axis

The vertical line along the left edge of a chart, where the scale numbers appear.  You can also add a second vertical (Y) axis along the right edge of the chart for a different type of scale.  The vertical (Y) axis is also called the Y-axis.


Horizontal (X) axis

The horizontal line across the bottom of a chart.  This is where category labels appear, if a category series has been defined.  The horizontal (X) axis is also called the X-axis.


Hi-lo-close

A chart that shows the range between the highest and lowest values in each category, including intermediate values.  The chart was designed to illustrate stock market trends: the high, low, and closing prices for a stock.  Each category is shown as a vertical line with markers indicating individual values.  Like other chart types, a hi-lo-close chart can have up to six value (Y) series.  But, unlike other chart types, you must include at least two value (Y) series.


Category label

Text or numbers that identify each category of a chart.  Category labels appear along the X-axis of charts that have an X-axis, and next to the wedges of a pie chart.  The text is taken from a range of cells in the spreadsheet called the category (X) series.


Value (Y) series

A range of spreadsheet entries represented by bars, lines, pie slices, or points in a chart.  Each value (Y) series represents a row or column of entries in a spreadsheet  The value (Y) series is also called the Y-series, number series, or data series.


Category (X) series

A row or column of spreadsheet entries used in a chart.  A category (X) series is a range of spreadsheet entries used to label the categories along the horizontal (X)-axis of a chart.  Category series is also called horizontal (X) series or X-series.


To open an application and file

1	From the Windows menu in Program Manager, choose Main.

2	Double-click the File Manager.

3	Double-click the directory window that contains the file you want to open.  For example, Excel.

4	Double-click the name of the file you want to open, for example, expenses.xls.


To move the highlight ( [image])

Click where you want to place it.

--or--

Press the arrow keys ( [image]).


Double-click

1	Move the mouse pointer over the item you want.

2	Press and release the mouse button twice in quick succession.


File

In Works, a word processor document, database, or spreadsheet that is saved on a disk.  Each file has a unique name and an extension, for example, BUDGET.WKS.


Header and Footer Codes

When you create a header or footer, you can use codes to change the alignment of text or to insert page numbers, the filename, or the current date or time.

To	Type

Print the page number	&p

Print the date in short format	&d

Print the date in long format 	&n

Print the time	&t

Print the filename	&f

Left-align text	&l

Center text	&c

Right-align text	&r

Print & (ampersand)	&&

You can use codes together with text, and include as many codes as you want in a single header or footer.  For example, to create a header or footer like this...

Budget	Page 1	04/02/91

...type &lBudget&cPage &p&r&d


Argument

Values that you supply for a function to use in its calculations.  Most Works functions use one or more arguments.


To open or switch to a chart

To open a chart

1	From the File menu, choose Open Existing File.

2	Under File Name, double-click the name of the spreadsheet whose chart you want to open.

If you can't see all of the file names, click the up or down arrow.

If the file is located in a different directory, double-click the directory then choose the file.

3	From the Charts menu, choose the chart you want.

To switch to a chart

Click the chart or choose its name from the Window menu.


To size a window

1	Move the mouse pointer over the window's border, until the pointer changes shape.

2	Drag the border until the window is the size you want.

Point to one of the window's corners to drag the border in two directions at once.

3	When the window is the size you want, press ENTER.


Wildcard

A symbol that can stand for any character or any number of characters.


File Set Print Area

Choose to indicate the area of the spreadsheet you want to print.

To print a section of your spreadsheet, highlight the cells you want to print, then choose Set Print Area.  When you are ready to print, choose Print from the File menu.

To reset the entire spreadsheet as the print area, choose All from the Select menu, then choose Set Print Area.

More information

Printing


Edit Cut

Cuts highlighted cells and places them on the Clipboard.

You can then paste the information in another location in the same spreadsheet, another Works tool, or another Windows application.  To paste the entries, press CTRL+V.

You can paste the entries as many times as you like until you cut or copy other information to the Clipboard.

Shortcut...

To choose Edit Cut, press CTRL+X.

More information

Moving entries


Edit Copy

Copies highlighed cells and places them on the Clipboard.

You can then paste the entries in another location in the same database, another Works tool, or another Windows application.  To paste the entries, press CTRL+V.

You can paste the entries as many times as you like until you cut or copy other information to the Clipboard.

Shortcut...

To choose Edit Copy, press CTRL+C.

More information

Copying entries


Edit Paste

Pastes information you have cut or copied to the Clipboard at the position of the highlight ( [image]).

You can paste the information as many times as you like until you cut or copy other information to the Clipboard.

Shortcut...

To choose Edit Paste, press CTRL+V.

More information

Copying entries

Moving entries


Edit Clear

Clears highlighted cells.  You cannot recover cleared information.

When you clear a cell, Works removes the entry but retains the formatting, so that the next entry you type has the same format as the previous entry.

Shortcut...

To clear a single highlighted entry, you can also press DEL.  To clear more than one entry at a time, you must use the Clear command.

More information

Removing entries


Edit Fill Right

Copies the contents of the leftmost highlighted cell or column of cells into the highlighted cells immediately to the right.

More information

Copying entries

Highlighting cells


Edit Fill Down

Copies the contents of the uppermost highlighted cell or row of cells into the highlighted area immediately below.

More information

Copying entries


Edit Delete Page Break

Choose to delete vertical or horizontal page breaks.

Works deletes a horizontal page break above a highlighted row or a vertical page break to the left of a highlighted column.

If you do not highlight an entire row or column, Works displays the Insert Page Break box asking which type of page break you want to delete.

More information

Changing a spreadsheet's structure


Edit Insert Page Break

Choose to insert vertical or horizontal page breaks.

Works inserts a horizontal page break above a highlighted row or a vertical page break to the left of a highlighted column.

If you do not highlight an entire row or column, Works displays the Insert Page Break box asking which type of page break you want to insert.

More information

Changing a spreadsheet's structure


Select Cells

If you want to highlight cells using the keyboard, you can extend the highlight using this command.

When you choose Select Cells, you can extend the highlight from the position of the highlight ( [image]) to the place you want by pressing the arrow keys ( [image]).  When Extend Highlight is on, EXT is displayed in the status bar.

To stop extending the highlight, choose this command again or press ESC.

If you want to cancel your selection, press an arrow key.

Shortcut...

To choose Select Cells, press F8.

More information

Highlighting cells


Select Row

Choose to highlight one or more rows.

When you choose Select Row, Works highlights the entire row in which the highlight ( [image]) is located.

If you highlight more than one cell in the same column then choose this command, Works highlights the rows in which the cells are located.

More information

Highlighting cells


Select Column

Choose to highlight one or more columns.

When you choose Select Column, Works highlights the entire column in which the highlight ( [image]) is located.

If you highlight more than one entry in a row and then choose this command, Works highlights the columns in which the entries are located.

More information

Highlighting cells


Select All

Choose to highlight your entire spreadsheet.  You can then apply changes to the whole document, for example to lock or unlock all highlighted cells.

More information

Highlighting cells

Protecting entries


Format General

Until you change the number format of a cell, Works displays numbers using General format.  In this format, numbers are displayed as precisely as possible given the width of the cell.

More information

Changing the number format

Changing column width


Format True/False

Formats a highlighted cell to display numbers using logical values.

If a number is anything but 0, its value is TRUE.

If a number is 0, its value is FALSE.

More information

Changing the number format


Options Show Toolbar

Choose to hide or show the Toolbar.

When the Toolbar is hidden, the check mark is no longer displayed beside Show Toolbar on the Options menu.

When the Toolbar is displayed, the check mark is displayed beside Show Toolbar on the Options menu.

More information

Hiding the Toolbar or status bar


Options Show Gridlines

Choose to hide or show gridlines.

When gridlines are hidden, the check mark is no longer displayed beside Show Gridlines on the Options menu.

When gridlines are displayed, the check mark is displayed beside Show Gridlines on the Options menu.

More information

Hiding and showing gridlines

Printing


Options Show Formulas

Choose to show or hide formulas in their respective cells.

When formulas are displayed, the check mark is displayed beside Show Formulas on the Options menu.  You must show formulas before searching for range names and cell references within formulas.

When formulas are hidden, you see the results of the formula in the cell rather than the formula itself.  The check mark is no longer displayed beside the command on the Options menu.  Works is preset to hide formulas.

More information

Formulas


Options Freeze\Unfreeze Titles

Freezes row or column titles.  For example, you may want to freeze rows or columns that contain titles so that the titles always remain visible as you move to other parts of your spreadsheet.

When you choose Freeze Titles, Works freezes all rows above and all columns to the left of the highlight ( [image]).  The command on the Options menu changes to Unfreeze Titles.

Frozen rows and columns print on every page.  This may be helpful when printing a multi-page spreadsheet.

To unfreeze titles, choose Unfreeze Titles from the Options menu.  The command on the Options menu changes back to Freeze Titles.

More information

Freezing row and column titles


Options Protect Data

Prevents changes to locked cells.

When protection is on, you cannot change entries in locked cells.  A check mark is displayed beside Protect Data on the Options menu.

When protection is off, the check mark is no longer displayed beside Protect Data on the Options menu.

Note:  You lock and unlock cells using the Style command on the Format menu.  Cells are automatically locked until you clear the Locked option in the Format Style dialog box.

More information

Protecting entries


Options Show Toolbar

Choose to hide or show the Toolbar.

When the Toolbar is hidden, the check mark is no longer displayed beside Show Toolbar on the Options menu.

When the Toolbar is displayed, the check mark is displayed beside Show Toolbar on the Options menu.

More information

Hiding the Toolbar or status bar


Options Manual Calculation

Choose to turn on or off Manual Calculation.

When Manual Calculation is on, Works recalculates your spreadsheet only when you choose Calculate Now from the Options menu or press F9.  A check mark next to Manual Calculation on the Options menu indicates that the option is on.

When Manual Calculation is off, Works automatically recalculates your spreadsheet each time you add or change an entry, and the check mark is no longer displayed beside the command on the menu.  Works is preset with Manual Calculation off.

More information

Numbers

Formulas


Options Calculate Now

Choose to calculate a spreadsheet's formulas.

Works automatically recalculates your spreadsheet each time you add or change an entry.  However, you can choose Calculate Now to calculate your spreadsheet at any time.

If you choose Manual Calculation from the Options menu, Works recalculates your spreadsheet only when you choose Calculate Now.

Shortcut...

To calculate a spreadsheet, press F9.

More information

Numbers

Formulas


Charts Create New Chart

Creates a new chart from highlighted spreadsheet entries.

Each new chart is displayed as a standard bar chart.

You can change the chart type or change the information the chart is based upon.  You can also add legends, titles, data labels, and change patterns and colors.

Shortcut...

To create a new chart, click the Chart button on the Toolbar.

More information

Creating and deleting a chart

Changing a chart

Adding titles and labels


File Print Preview

Displays your spreadsheet as it will appear when printed.  You can check the margins, page breaks, headers and footers, and so on.  To:

See the next page, click Next.

See the previous page, click Previous.

Magnify the page half way, click Zoom In.

Move from one part of the magnified page to another, use the scroll bars
--or--
Press PAGE UP or PAGE DOWN.

Magnify the page all the way, click Zoom In twice.

Return to the full page, click Zoom Out once or twice depending on how many times you magnified the page.

Print the document, click Print.

Leave print preview, click Cancel.

Shortcut...

To choose Print Preview, click the Preview button on the Toolbar.

More information

Previewing


Chart (chart name)

Choose to bring the chart to the front of the other windows.

More information

Opening existing charts


File Save As

Use to:

Name a spreadsheet.

Save an exisiting spreadsheet under a new name.

Save a spreadsheet so you can use it with another application.

Create a template.

Shortcut...

More information

Creating templates

Naming and saving a spreadsheet

Sharing with other applications


File Page Setup & Margins

Use to define the margins and page size of your spreadsheet.

What if I want to print a document horizontally?

More information

Changing the page layout

Headers and footers

Printing


What if I want to print a document horizontally?

There are two basic steps to remember:

1	Switch the Page Length and Page Width measurements in this dialog box.  For example, change the page length to 8.5" and the page width to 11".

2	From the File menu, choose Printer Setup.  Under Orientation, choose Landscape.

If these two settings don't match when you print, Works displays a message reminding you to change the settings.


Edit Paste Special

Use to perform specialized copying tasks.  You can copy values only (instead of both values and formulas), or copy and add to or subtract from existing values.

What if I want to copy formulas?

More information

Moving entries

Copying entries


What if I want to copy formulas?

Use the Paste command, rather than Paste Special.


Edit Delete Row/Column

Deletes the row or column in which the highlight ( [image]) is located.  Works will delete a row or column without displaying the dialog box if you highlight the entire row or column before choosing Edit Delete Row/Column.

More information

Deleting a row or column


Edit Insert Row/Column

Inserts a row above the location of the highlight ( [image]) or a column to the left of the highlight.  Works will insert a row or column without displaying the dialog box if you highlight the entire row or column before choosing Edit Insert Row/Column.

More information

Inserting a row or column


Edit Fill Series

Fills highlighted cells with a consecutive series of numbers or dates.  You enter the starting number or date and the increment for the series.

What if Works doesn't fill the series?

More information

Entering a series of numbers

Entering a series of dates


What if Works doesn't fill the series?

Make sure that you highlight the starting value and the area you want to fill.  To highlight entries, move the mouse pointer to the starting value, hold down the mouse button, and drag down until you highlight the area you want to fill.


Edit Range Name

Use to define and name a range, delete a range, change a range name's reference, or create a list of range names.

Why would I want to name a range?

More information

Naming a cell or range

Referring to a cell or range

Going directly to a cell or range


Why would I want to name a range?

You may find it easier to remember a name (Sales) than a range reference (A1:C2).  You can use the name to refer to the range in a formula, or to jump quickly to a range of cells.


Edit Headers & Footers

Use to create a one line header or footer that prints at the top or bottom of every page.  You can insert and position page numbers, the date, or the time by typing codes with text.

To display more information in a header or footer, you can try using a different font, changing to a smaller font size, or setting smaller margins.

More information

Headers and footers

Changing the font and font size

Changing the page layout


Select Go To

Use to jump directly to a specific cell or range.

Shortcuts...

More information

Moving within a spreadsheet

Naming a cell or range


Select Find

Use to search a spreadsheet or a highlighted range for specific text or values.

Shortcut...

What if Works doesn't find what I am searching for?

More information

Finding entries

Hiding and showing a column


What if Works doesn't find what I am searching for?

It may be located in a hidden column.  Works will not search a column if it is hidden.  For more information, see Hiding and Showing a Column.


Select Sort Rows

Use to rearrange rows alphabetically or numerically, in ascending or descending order, according to the contents of the columns you specify.

More information

Sorting rows


Format Fixed

Formats highlighted cells to display numbers with the number of decimal places you specify.  Negative numbers are indicated by a minus sign.

What if I see ###### in a cell instead of a number?

More information

Changing the number format

Changing column width


What if I see ###### in a cell instead of a number?

The cell is not wide enough to display the number.  You need to change the column width.  For more information, see Changing Column Width.


Format Currency

Formats highlighted cells to display numbers with a currency sign, commas every three places, and the number of decimal places you specify.  For example, if you choose 2 decimal places, 1000 becomes $1,000.00.  Negative numbers are enclosed in parentheses.

Shortcuts...

What if I see ###### in a cell instead of a number?

More information

Changing the number format

Changing column width


Format Comma

Formats highlighted cells to display numbers with a comma every 3 places and the number of decimal places you specify.  For example, if you choose 2 decimal places, 1234567.8 becomes 1,234,567.80.  Negative numbers are enclosed in parentheses.

Shortcuts...

What if I see ###### in a cell instead of a number?

More information

Changing the number format

Changing column width


Format Percent

Formats highlighted cells to display numbers as percentages, with the number of decimal places you specify.  For example, if you choose 2 decimal places, .50 becomes 50.00%.  Negative percentages are indicated by a minus sign.

Shortcuts...

What if I see ###### in a cell instead of a number?

More information

Changing the number format

Changing column width


Format Exponential

Formats highlighted cells to display numbers in exponential (scientific) notation, with the number of decimal places you specify.  For example, if you choose 2 decimal places, 1234567 becomes 1.23E+06.  Negative numbers are indicated by a minus sign.

What if I see ###### in a cell instead of a number?

More information

Changing the number format

Changing column width


Format Leading Zeros

Formats highlighted cells to display numbers with the number of leading zeros you specify.  This command is useful for entering Zip Codes, invoices, and other numbers that begin with zero.  If you do not format a cell to display leading zeros, Works deletes them.

What if I see ###### in a cell instead of a number?

More information

Changing the number format

Changing column width


Format Time/Date

Use to change the format of dates or times in highlighted cells.

More information

Dates and times

Changing the number format


Format Font

Use to select a font and font size for your spreadsheet.

Shortcuts...

What if I don't see the font I want?

More information

Changing the font and font size

Choosing a printer


What if I don't see the font I want?

The fonts and sizes you see listed are determined by the printer you are using.

If your printer doesn't support the font or size you want to use, you may be able to add additional fonts.  For information on adding fonts, see your printer's documentation.

If you have access to more than one printer, you can choose another printer to see different fonts and sizes.  For more information, see Choosing a Printer.


Format Style

Use to:

Change the style of highlighted cells.

Change the alignment of entries in highlighted cells.

Lock and unlock cells.

Shortcuts...

More information

Changing the style

Changing the alignment

Protecting entries


Format Column Width

Use to change column width.  You specify the width in numbers of characters.

What if I see ###### in a cell instead of a number?

More information

Changing column width

Hiding and showing a column


What if I see ###### in a cell instead of a number?

The cell is not wide enough to display the number.  You need to change the column width.  For more information, see Changing Column Width.


Charts Name

As you create charts for a spreadsheet, Works names them Chart1, Chart2, and so on.  You can use this command to rename a chart so that it has a more descriptive name.

What if I get an "already exists" message?

More information

Naming and saving charts

Chart basics


What if I get an "already exists" message?

You are trying to give the chart a name that another chart already has.  Each of the spreadsheet's charts must have a unique name.


Charts Delete

Use to delete one or more charts from your spreadsheet.  You can have up to eight charts per spreadsheet.

More information

Creating and deleting a chart

Chart basics


Charts Duplicate

Use to quickly duplicate an existing chart.  For example, you can create a series of charts emphasizing different aspects of the same information by duplicating the original and making minor changes.

More information

Duplicating a chart

Chart basics


File Print

Use to:

Print the current document.

Specify how many copies you want to print.

Choose Draft Quality printing.

Shortcuts...

What if the printer won't print my document?

More information

Printing


What if the printer won't print my document?

Make sure you have chosen the correct printer, and that the printer is plugged in, connected to your computer, and loaded with paper.  If you have not selected a printer, choose the Printer Setup command from the File menu and choose the printer you want.


Format Border

Use to create borders around highlighted cells.  You can draw any combination of horizontal and vertical lines to the left, right, top, or bottom of a cell.

What if I want to surround more than one cell with one border?

More information

Changing cell borders


What if I want to surround more than one cell with one border?

Highlight the cells around which you want a border then click the Outline box.


Help

When you click this button or press F1, Works displays this topic.


OK

To carry out the choices you've made, click OK or press ENTER.


Cancel

To close the dialog box without accepting changes, choose Cancel or press ESC.


Control-menu box

To close the dialog box without saving changes, double-click the Control-menu box or press ESC.


Title bar

Displays the name of the command.

To move the dialog box to a new location, move the mouse pointer over the title bar, hold down the mouse button, and drag until you move the dialog box where you want it.


File Name

Lists all files in the current directory.

To name a file, type a name no more than eight characters long.  You can use any characters except for spaces and those shown below, which have a special meaning for MS-DOS.


Directories

Displays the current drive and directory (c:\msworks), followed by a list of subdirectories in the current directory.  If you want to name a file and save it in another directory, change to that directory.

To change to another directory, double-click the drive to see the other directories, then click the directory you want.

If you can't see all of the directory names, click the up or down arrow.


Drives

Displays the current drive.

To save the file on another drive, click the down arrow to see the list of drives, and then click the one you want.  For example, if you want to save the file on a floppy disk, click drive a:

Note:  When you choose another drive, the directories on that drive will be listed under Directories.  To change to another directory, click the one you want from the Directories list.


Make Backup Copy

Click to create a backup copy of the spreadsheet.  An "X" appears in the box when the option is chosen.

To differentiate the copy from the original, Works adds the extension .BKS to the spreadsheet copy.  The copy is updated each time you choose File Save or File Save As.


OK

To carry out the choices you have made, click OK or press ENTER.


Save File as Type

Saves the file as a Works spreadsheet (Works SS), unless you choose another file type.  For example, you may want to save the file in another format so you can open it in another application or use it as a template.

To save the file in another format, click the down arrow to see the list of choices, and then click the one you want.  If you choose:

Text & Commas, entries are separated by commas, and text, dates, times, and numbers in currency or percent format are enclosed in quotation marks.

Text & Tabs (DOS), entries are separated by tabs, and number formats are saved.  Try this before choosing Text & Tabs.

Text & Tabs, the text file is saved in ANSI format.  Entries are separated by tabs, and number formats are saved.  Only some Windows applications recognize this format.

Lotus Only, the file is saved so you can open it in any version of Lotus 1-2-3.

SS template, the file is saved as a template, which you can use as a starting point to create other spreadsheets.  Once you save a file as a template, Works uses the template every time you create a new spreadsheet.  If you do not want to use the template, choose Works Settings from the Options menu and clear the Use Templates For Spreadsheet box.


Shortcut...

To save a document, press CTRL+S.


Top Margin

To specify the amount of white space between the top of a page and the top of the first line of text, type a measurement in the box.

The top margin is preset at 1".


Bottom Margin

To specify the amount of white space between the bottom of a page and the top of the last line of text, type a measurement in the box.

The bottom margin is preset at 1".


Left Margin

To specify the amount of white space between the left edge of a page and the left edge of text, type a measurement in the box.

The left margin is preset at 1.25".


Right Margin

To specify the amount of white space between the right edge of a page and the right edge of text, type a measurement in the box.

The right margin is preset at 1.25".


Header Margin

To specify the amount of white space between the top of a page and a header, type a measurement in the box.

Note:  The header margin must always be smaller than the top margin.  The header margin is preset at 0.5".


Footer Margin

To specify the amount of white space between the bottom of a page and the footer, type a measurement in the box.

Note:  The footer margin must always be smaller than the bottom margin.  The footer margin is preset at 0.75".


1st Page Number

When you create a header or footer to number the pages, Works assumes you want to begin with the number one.  However, if you want to combine several documents into one document, you can set the starting page number for each document so that when you combine documents the pages are numbered consecutively.

To change the starting page number, type the number you want.

Note:  Works will only number the pages if you have created a header or footer.  For more information, see Headers and Footers.


Page Length and Page Width

Works is preset to print on 8.5" by 11" paper in Portrait (vertical) orientation.

To change the paper size, type a new page length or width.

To change the page orientation, switch the length and width measurements.  For example, if you want to print horizontally on 8.5" by 11" paper, change the page length to 8.5" and the page width to 11".

Note:  When you change the paper size or orientation, you must also choose Printer Setup from the File menu and change the Paper Size and Orientation settings.  To print horizontally, choose Landscape orientation.


Page Length and Page Width

Works is preset to print on 8.5" by 11" paper in Portrait (vertical) orientation.

To change the paper size, type a new page length or width.

To change the page orientation, switch the length and width measurements.  For example if you want to print horizontally on 8.5" by 11" paper, change the page length to 8.5" and the page width to 11".

Note:  When you change the paper size or orientation, you must also choose Printer Setup from the File menu and change the Paper Size and Orientation settings.  To print horizontally, choose Landscape orientation.


Print Gridlines

Gridlines are the lines used to divide your spreadsheet into a grid of rows and columns.

Click to print the gridlines.  An X appears in the box when this option is chosen.


Print Row and Column Headers

Click to print row and column headers.  An X appears in the box when this option is chosen.


Paste

Click the option you want.  If you want to:

Paste values and formats, click Values Only.

Add values to existing values in the cells you paste into, click Add Values.

Subtract values from existing values in the cells you paste into, click Subtract Values.


Row

To delete the row in which the highlight is located, click Row.


Column

To delete the column in which the highlight is located, click Column.


Row

To insert a row above the position of the highlight, click Row.


Column

To insert a column to the left of the highlight, click Column.


Units

Click the series you want Works to create.

To	Click

Create a series of numbers	Number

Create a series of dates, including	Day
Saturdays and Sundays.

Create a series of dates, excluding	Weekday
Saturdays and Sundays.

Create a series of months	Month

Create a series of years	Year

Notes:

If the starting value is text, the Number option is unavailable.

If the starting value is a number other than a date, the Day, Weekday, Month, and Year options are unavailable.


Step By

Type a number to determine the increment for the series.  Works proposes 1.

For example, if you type 5 and have entered a starting value of 100, Works creates this series: 100, 105, 110, and so on.


Name

To name a highlighted range, type a name up to 15 characters long.  Do not type a colon at the end of the name.

If the first highlighted cell contains text, Works suggests this as the range name.


Names

Lists existing range names.

Click the range name you want to delete or to assign to a new range.


List

To insert a list of range names and their references in your spreadsheet, click List.

Works creates the list in two columns of your spreadsheet, starting at the location of the highlight ( [image]).


Delete

To delete the range name highlighted in the Names box, click Delete.

After you delete a range name, the Cancel button changes to Close.  You can delete more than one range name before choosing Close.


Close

To close the dialog box while carrying out the deletions you made, click Close.

The Cancel button changes to Close after you delete a range name.  You can delete more than one range name before choosing Close.


Header

To create a header that prints at the top of every page, type any text and or codes you want.

For information on codes, click the colored text "codes" on this page.


Footer

To create a footer that prints at the bottom of every page, type any text and or codes you want.

For information on codes, click the colored text "codes" on this page.


No Header on 1st Page

Click to eliminate the header from the first printed page of a document.  An X appears in the box when the option is chosen.


No Footer on 1st Page

Click to eliminate the footer from the first page of a document.  An X appears in the box when the option is chosen.


Use Header and Footer Paragraphs

This option is only available in the Word Processor.


Go To

To jump directly to a cell or range name, type the cell reference (for example, D2) or range name you want to move to.

When you choose OK, Works moves the highlight
( [image]) to the cell or range name you specified.

If you want to move to a range name, you can also double-click its name in the Names list.


Names

Lists existing range names.

To jump to a specific range, double-click a range name.

If you can't see all of the available range names, click the up or down arrow.


Shortcuts...

To	Press

Choose Select Go To	F5

Go to the beginning of document	CTRL+HOME

Go to the end of document	CTRL+END


Find What

Type the specific text or value you want to find.

If you are searching for text entries (not numbers), you can use a "wildcard" symbol to represent one or more characters.

The question mark (?) wildcard represents any single character in the same position.

For example, if you want to search for a name, but are unsure whether it is spelled Anderson or Andersen, type anders?n and Works will find both names.

The asterisk (*) wildcard represents any number of characters in the same position.

For example, if you type s*s, Works finds all text that begins with an "s" and ends with an "s", such as sales and salaries.


Look By

To specify how Works searches a spreadsheet, click Rows or Columns.

For example, if you want Works to search across the spreadsheet first, click Rows.


Shortcut...

To repeat a search, press F7.


1st Column

1	Type the name of the most significant column you want Works to sort by.

Works sorts by the 1st Column first, and by a second and third column only if two or more entries share the same information in the first sort column.

2	Choose Ascending or Descending.

To sort in ascending order (0-9 and from A-Z ), click Ascend.

To sort in descending order (Z-A and from 9-0), click Descend.


2nd Column

1	Type the name of the column you want Works to sort by if two or more cells share the same information in the first sort column.

2	Choose Ascending or Descending.

To sort in ascending order (0-9 and from A-Z ), click Ascend.

To sort in descending order (Z-A and from 9-0), click Descend.


3rd Column

1	Type the name of the column you want Works to sort by if two or more cells share the same information in the first and second sort columns.

2	Choose Ascending or Descending.

To sort in ascending order (0-9 and from A-Z ), click Ascend.

To sort in descending order (Z-A and from 9-0), click Descend.


Number of Decimals

To specify the number of decimal places, type a number between 0 and 7.

For example, if you type 3, Works rounds off 123.4567 to 123.457.


Number of Decimals

To specify the number of decimal places, type a number between 0 and 7.

For example, if you type 2, Works displays 1255.5 as $1,255.50.


Shortcuts...

To choose Format Currency

On the Toolbar, click

--or--
Press CTRL+4.


Number of Decimals

To specify the number of decimal places, type a number between 0 and 7.

For example, if you type 1, Works rounds off 23456.79 to 23,456.8.


Shortcuts...

To choose Format Comma

On the Toolbar, click

--or--
Press CTRL+, (comma)


Number of Decimals

To specify the number of decimal places, type a number between 0 and 7.

For example, if you type 1, Works rounds off .4568 to 45.7%.


Shortcuts...

To choose Format Percent

On the Toolbar, click

--or--
Press CTRL+5.


Number of Decimals

To specify the number of decimal places, type a number between 0 and 7.

For example, if you type 3, Works displays 72000000 as 7.200E+07.


Number of Digits

To specify the number of digits, type a number between 0 and 7.

For example, if you specify 5 number places, 999 becomes 00999.  No decimals will be displayed.


Show

Click the date or time option you want.

For example, if you choose Month, Day, Works displays 10/03/91 as 10/91.


Time

Click the option you want.

If you choose 24 hour, Works displays Hour, Minute as 14:10.

If you choose 12 hour, Works displays Hour, Minute as 2:10 PM.


Date

Click the option you want.

If you choose Short, Works displays Month, Day, Year as 6/10/92.  Note:  Month Only has no short form.

If you choose Long, Works displays Month, Day, Year as June 10, 1992.


Font

Lists the fonts your printer supports.

Click the font you want.  If you can't see all of the available fonts, click the up or down arrow.


Size

Lists the font sizes your printer supports.

Click the font size you want.  If you can't see all of the available font sizes, click the up or down arrow.

Examples:	8pt	10pt	12pt


Shortcuts...

To change font or font size

1	On the Toolbar, click an arrow to see the list of choices.

2	Click the font or font size you want.
--or--
Type the font or size in the appropriate box.


Alignment

Until you change the alignment, Works uses General alignment (text left-aligned, numbers right-aligned).

To change the alignment of information in a cell, click the option you want.


Locked

Works initially locks all fields, although the lock has no effect until you choose Protect Data from the Options menu.  When Protect Data is turned on, locked entries cannot be changed, formatted, or unlocked.  When a field is locked, an X appears in the Locked box.

If you want to protect some cells but not others, clear the Locked box for each range of cells you do not want to protect before you choose Protect Data.  A box appears empty when it is cleared.


Styles

Lists the font styles you can choose from.

To apply one or more styles, click the ones you want.  An X appears in a box when the style is chosen.

Examples:  Bold and underline	Bold and italic


Shortcuts...

To apply styles On the Toolbar, click --or-- To apply Press Bold CTRL+B Italic CTRL+I Underline CTRL+U		To align information On the Toolbar, click --or-- To align Press Left CTRL+L Center CTRL+E Right CTRL+R


Width

To specify column width in number of characters, type a number between 0 and 79.

Note:  The maximum width may vary depending upon the font and font size you are using.


Charts

Lists the charts you've created for the current spreadsheet.

Click the name of the chart you want to rename.  If you can't see all of the available charts, click the up or down arrow.


Name

Type a new name for the chart up to 15 characters long.


Rename

To accept the new chart name, click Rename.

You can rename as many charts as you want before choosing OK.


OK

To accept new chart names you've added using the Rename button, click OK.

You can rename as many charts as you want before choosing OK.


Cancel

To close the dialog box without accepting any changes you made using the Rename button, click Cancel.


Charts

Lists charts you've created for the current spreadsheet.

Click the name of the chart you want to delete.


Delete

To delete the chart you've chosen in the Charts box, click Delete.

You can delete as many charts as you want before choosing OK.


OK

To accept changes you've made using the Delete button, click OK.

You can delete as many charts as you want before choosing OK.


Cancel

To cancel the dialog box and any changes you made using the Delete button, click Cancel.


Charts

Lists charts you've created for the current spreadsheet.

Click the name of the chart you want to duplicate.


Name

To name the duplicate chart, type a name up to 15 characters long.

If you do not name the duplicate chart Works assigns it a name:  Chart1, Chart2, and so on.


Duplicate

To duplicate the chart you chose in the Charts box, click Duplicate.


OK

To accept charts you've created using the Duplicate button, click OK.

You can duplicate as many charts as you want before choosing OK.


Cancel

To cancel the dialog box and any changes you made using the Duplicate button, click Cancel.


Value (Y) Series

Assigns a range of cells to a value (Y) series.  A value (Y) series appears in a chart as a group of bars, lines, or pie wedges.

To specify a range for a value (Y) series, type a cell (for example, C2) or range reference (for example, C2:D4) in one of the value (Y) series boxes.

You can also insert the reference of a highlighted spreadsheet range in one of the value (Y) series boxes using the Paste button.


Category (X) Series

Assigns a range of cells to the category (X) series.

To specify a range for the category (X) series, type a cell (for example, C2) or range reference (for example, C2:D4) in this box.

You can also insert the reference of a highlighted spreadsheet range in this box using the Paste button.


Paste

To insert the reference of a highlighted spreadsheet range into one of the value (Y) series boxes or in the category (X) series box, click the box you want and then click Paste.


Chart Title

To create a title for your chart, type a title or cell reference.

When you type a cell reference, that cell's entry becomes the title.  The title can be up to 39 characters long.


Subtitle

To create a subtitle for your chart, type a subtitle or cell reference.

When you type a cell reference, that cell's entry becomes the subtitle.  The subtitle can be up to 39 characters long.


Horizontal (X) Axis

To create a title underneath the horizontal (X) axis, type a title or cell reference.

When you type a cell reference, that cell's entry becomes the axis title.  The title can be up to 39 characters long.  Pie charts do not have horizontal (X) axes.


Vertical (Y) Axis

To create a title alongside the vertical (Y) axis, type a title or cell reference.

When you type a cell reference, that cell's entry becomes the axis title.  The title can be up to 39 characters long.  Pie charts do not have vertical (Y) axes.


Right Vertical (Y) Axis

To create a title alongside the right vertical (Y) axis, type a title or cell reference.

When you type a cell reference, that cell's entry becomes the axis title.  The title can be up to 39 characters long.  Pie charts cannot have right vertical (Y) axes.


Value Series

To change a legend, or enter text, a value, or a cell reference for each value (Y) series you want to change.

When you create a chart, Works automatically creates a legend if the first row or column of your highlighted cells contains text.


Value (Y) Series

 To create a data label, type a cell reference (for example, C2) in the appropriate value (Y) series box.
--or--
Insert the reference of a highlighted spreadsheet range into one of the value (Y) series boxes using the Paste button.


Use Series Data

To automatically use a chart's values as data labels, click this option; then click OK.


Paste

To insert the reference of a highlighted spreadsheet range into one of the value (Y) series boxes, click the box and then click Paste.


1st Label

To specify the main label for each slice of a pie chart, click the option you want.  To:

Label each pie slice with the contents of cells in the value (Y) series, click Values.

Label each pie slice with the slice's percentage of the whole, click Percentages.

Label each pie slice with the contents of cells in the Cell Range box, click Cell Contents.  If you do not specify a series, the category (X) series is inserted.  If no category (X) series exists, Works labels each slice with a number corresponding to its position in a range.

Label each pie slice with a number corresponding to its position in a range, click 1, 2, 3.

Prevent the chart from having a 1st Label, click None.


(2nd Label)

To specify the secondary label for each slice of a pie chart, click the option you want. To:

Label each pie slice with the contents of cells in the value (Y) series, click Values.

Label each pie slice with the slice's percentage of the whole, click Percentages.

Label each pie slice with the contents of cells in the Cell Range box, click Cell Contents.  If you do not specify a series, the category (X) series is inserted.  If no category (X) series exists, Works labels each slice with a number corresponding to its position in a range.

Label each pie slice with a number corresponding to its position in a range, click 1, 2, 3.

Prevent the chart from having a 2nd Label, click None.


Cell Range

To specify a spreadsheet range to use as the 1st or 2nd Label, enter the range reference (for example, A2:D4) in the Cell Range box.


Paste

To insert the reference of a copied spreadsheet range in the Cell Range box, click the Cell Range box and then click Paste.


Series

Lists the range references of each of the chart's value (Y) series and category (X) series.

To go to the chart's spreadsheet and highlight the series you choose, click the appropriate category (X) or value (Y) series, and then click OK.


Shortcut...

To choose Edit Paste Series, press CTRL+V.


Data or Labels

To display the range references of your chart's value (Y) and category (X) series in the Series box, click Data.

All category (X) and value (Y) series included in your chart appear as black text next to the appropriate number in the Series box.  All other series will be dimmed.

--Or--

To display the range references of your chart's data labels in the Series box, click Labels.

Data label range references appear as black text next to the appropriate number in the Series box.  All other series will be dimmed.  If you have not created data labels for your chart, the Labels button will remain dimmed.


Shortcut...

To choose Edit Go To, press F5.


1	(Standard bar chart)

Double-click to create a standard bar chart that represents each number in each series with a bar.


2	(Stacked bar chart)

Double-click to create a bar chart with stacked bars showing the combined total in each category.


3	(100% bar chart)

Double-click to create a bar chart with stacked bars showing the percentage contribution of all value (Y) series to the total in each category.


4	(Standard bar chart with vertical (Y) axis grid lines)

Double-click to create a standard bar chart with horizontal gridlines.


5	(Standard bar chart with data labels)

Double-click to create a standard bar chart with data points labeled.


Next

To view the chart types of the next command on the Gallery menu, click Next.


Previous

To view the chart types of the previous command on the Gallery menu, click Previous.


Shortcut...

To create a bar chart

On the Toolbar, click


1	(Standard line chart)

Double-click to create a line chart that represents the numbers in each value (Y) series with markers connected by a line.


2	(Line chart without markers)

Double-click to create a line chart with the numbers in each value (Y) series represented by a line.


3	(Line chart with markers only)

Double-click to create a line chart with numbers in each value (Y) series represented by markers only.


4	(Standard line chart with vertical (Y) axis gridlines)

Double-click to create a line chart with horizontal gridlines.


5	(Standard line chart with vertical (Y) axis gridlines and horizontal (X) axis gridlines)

Double-click to create a line chart with horizontal and vertical gridlines.


6	(Hi-lo-close chart)

A hi-lo-close chart emphasizes the range between the highest and lowest number in each category.  It is often used to plot stock market information.

Double-click to create a line chart with the numbers in each value (Y) series represented by markers.  A vertical line connects the markers in each category.


Shortcut...

To create a line chart

On the Toolbar, click


1	(Standard pie chart)

Double-click to create a pie chart that represents one value (Y) series.  A standard pie chart has no labels or exploded slices.


2	(Pie chart with data labels)

Double-click to create a standard pie chart with each slice labeled.


3	(Pie chart with percentage data labels)

Double-click to create a standard pie chart with each slice labeled as a percentage of the total.


4	(Pie chart with category labels and percentage data labels)

Double-click to create a standard pie chart with each slice labeled with data labels and percentage data labels.


5	(Pie chart with first slice exploded)

Double-click to create a standard pie chart with no data labels, and with the first slice separated from the pie.


6	(Pie chart with all slices exploded)

Double-click to create a standard pie chart with no data labels, and with all slices separated from each other.


Shortcut...

To create a pie chart

On the Toolbar, click


1	(Standard stacked line chart)

Double-click to create a standard stacked line chart that represents numbers in each value (Y) series with markers connected by a line.

Individual lines are stacked on top of each other to represent a total.


2	(Stacked line chart with vertical (Y) axis gridlines)

Double-click to create a standard stacked line chart with horizontal gridlines.


3	(Stacked line chart with horizontal (X) axis gridlines)

Double-click to create a standard stacked line chart with vertical gridlines.


4	(Stacked line chart with vertical (Y) axis and horizontal (X) axis gridlines)

Double-click to create a standard stacked line chart with both horizontal and vertical gridlines.


Shortcut...

To create a stacked line chart

On the Toolbar, click


1	(Standard XY chart)

Double-click to create a standard XY chart that represents numbers in each value (Y) series with markers.


2	(XY chart with connected markers)

Double-click to create a standard XY chart with markers from the same series connected by lines.


3	(XY chart with vertical (Y) axis gridlines)

Double-click to create a standard XY chart with markers only and horizontal gridlines.


4	(XY chart with horizontal (X) axis gridlines)

Double-click to create a standard XY chart with markers only and vertical gridlines.


5	(XY chart with vertical (Y) axis and horizontal (X) axis gridlines)

Double-click to create a standard XY chart with markers only and vertical and horizontal gridlines.


6	(XY chart with logarithmic vertical (Y) axis gridlines)

Double-click to create a logarithmic XY chart with markers only and horizontal gridlines.


Shortcut...

To create an XY (scatter) chart

On the Toolbar, click


1	(Mixed line and bar chart)

Double-click to create a mixed line and bar chart with the first value (Y) series represented by bars and the subsequent value (Y) series represented by markers connected by lines.


2	(Mixed line and bar chart with right vertical (Y) axis)

Double-click to create a mixed line and bar chart with the first value (Y) series represented by bars and subsequent value (Y) series represented by markers connected by lines.  This subtype has both left and right vertical (Y) axes.


3	(Line chart with right vertical (Y) axis)

Double-click to create a standard line chart with both left and right vertical (Y) axes.


4	(Mixed hi-lo-close and bar chart with right vertical (Y) axis)

Double-click to create a hi-lo-close and bar chart with the fourth value (Y) series represented by bars and first three value (Y) series represented by hi-lo-close markers.  This chart type has both left and right vertical (Y) axes.


Shortcut...

To create a combination chart

On the Toolbar, click


Show Gridlines

To display vertical gridlines between each category, click Gridlines.  An X appears in this box when the option is chosen.


Label Frequency

To prevent closely-spaced category labels from overlapping, you can tell Works to display only some of the chart's category labels.

For example, type 4 in the Label Frequency box to display only every 4th label.


Minimum

To specify the lowest value you want on the scale, type a number.

If you do not type a number, Works sets the minimum at Auto, which in most cases is 0.


Maximum

To specify the highest value you want on the scale, type a number.

If you do not type a number, Works sets the maximum at Auto, which corresponds to the next interval above the highest value the chart displays.


Interval

To specify the interval you want between scale values, type a number.

If you do not type a number, Works sets the interval at Auto and derives the interval from the range of values the chart displays.


Show Gridlines

To display horizontal lines at each interval, click Show Gridlines.  An X appears in the box when this option is chosen.


Use Logarithmic Scale

To plot data along a logarithmic scale, click Use Logarithmic Scale.  An X appears in the box when this option is chosen.

Logarithmic scale intervals must be specified in powers of 10, such as 10, 100, or 1000, and cannot be less than 10.  You can use logarithmic scales in all chart types except Pie charts.


Type

Determines the type of chart assigned to the left vertical (Y) axis.  This option is available for bar, line, and stacked line charts only.

To specify the type of chart you want, click the option you want.

You can combine chart types by choosing a different type for the left and right vertical (Y) axis or by choosing Mixed Line and Bar from the Format menu.


Type

Determines the type of chart assigned to the left vertical (Y) axis.  This option is available for bar, line, and stacked line charts only.

To specify the type of scale you want, choose the option you want.

You can combine chart types by choosing a different type for the left and right vertical (Y) axis or by choosing Mixed Line and Bar from the Format menu.


1st Value Series--6th Value Series

Assigns a value (Y) series to the left or the right vertical (Y) axis.

To remove a right vertical (Y) axis, click Left for all of the chart's value (Y) series.

--Or--

To add a right vertical (Y) axis, click Right for at least one value (Y) series.  The series you choose determines the scale of the right vertical (Y) axis.


1st Value Series - 6th Value Series

To display a value (Y) series as a line, click Line.

--Or--

To display a value (Y) series as a set of bars, click Bar.


Series

Lists the value (Y) series in the chart.

To change the color, pattern, or markers of a value (Y) series, click the series you want to change.


Colors

Lists the available colors.

To assign a color to a value (Y) series, click the color you want.  If you can't see all of the available choices, click the up or down arrow.


Patterns

Lists the available patterns.

To assign a pattern to a value (Y) series, click the pattern you want.  If you can't see all of the available choices, click the up or down arrow.


Markers

Lists the available markers.

To assign a marker to a value (Y) series, click the type of marker you want.  If you can't see all of the available choices, click the up or down arrow.

Markers are not available for bar or pie charts.


Format

To apply your changes to the highlighted value (Y) series or pie slice, click Format.

When you choose Format, the Cancel button changes to Close.  You can change the format of as many series as you want before choosing Close.


Format All

To apply the colors, patterns, and markers of the highlighted value (Y) series or pie slice to all value (Y) series or pie slices, click Format All.

To close the dialog box, click Close.


Close

To close the dialog box and carry out the changes you made, click Close.

The Cancel button changes to Close after you change a series' pattern or color using Format or Format All.  You can change the format of as many series as you want before choosing Close.


Slices

Lists pie slices in your chart.

To change the color or pattern of a pie slice, click the slice you want to change.


Colors

Lists the available colors.

To change the color of a pie slice, click the color you want.  If you can't see all of the available colors, click the up or down arrow.


Patterns

Lists the available patterns.

To assign a pattern to a pie slice, click the pattern you want.  If you can't see all of the available patterns, click the up or down arrow.


Explode Slice

To separate a slice from a pie chart, click Explode Slice.  An X appears in the box when this option is chosen.


Format

To apply your changes to the pie slice you selected under Slice, click Format.

When you choose the Format button, the Cancel button changes to Close.  You can change the pattern of as many slices as you want before choosing Close.


Format All

To apply the colors, patterns, and markers of the highlighted pie slice to all pie slices, click Format All.  To close the dialog box, click Close.


Close

To close the dialog box while carrying out the changes you made, click Close.

Cancel changes to Close after you change a series' pattern or color using Format or Format All.  You can change the pattern of as many slices as you want before choosing Close.


Font

Lists the fonts your printer supports.

To assign a font to a chart's title, click the font you want.  If you don't see all of the available fonts, click the up or down arrow.


Size

Lists the font sizes your printer supports.

To assign a font size to a chart's title, click the size you want.  If you don't see the size you want, click the up or down arrow.

Examples:	8pt	10pt	12pt


Style

To apply one or more styles, click the ones you want.  An X appears in the box when an option is chosen.

Examples:  Bold and underline	Bold and italic


Font

Lists the fonts your printer supports.

To assign a font to all the text in a chart except the title, click the font you want.  If you can't see all of the available fonts, click the up or down arrow.


Size

Lists the font sizes your printer supports.

To assign a font size to all the text in a chart except the title, click the font size you want.  If you can't see all of the available font sizes, click the up or down arrow.

Examples:	8pt	10pt	12pt


Style

To apply one or more styles, click the ones you want.  An X appears in a box when the style is chosen.

Examples:  Bold and underline	Bold and italic


Number of Copies

To print more than one copy of your chart, type the number you want printed.

Works proposes 1 as the number of copies.


Shortcuts...

On the Toolbar, click

--or--
Press CTRL+P


OK

To carry out the choices you've made and print the current chart, click OK.


Use Selection for Series

Lists the range references of each of the chart's existing value (Y) series and category (X) series.

To create a new value (Y) or category (X) series from a highlighed range, or to replace a series, click one of the seven series buttons and then click OK.


Data or Labels

To create a value (Y) or category (X) series from a highlighted range, click Data.

The highlighted range becomes a series in your chart represented by a bar, line, or pie slice.

--Or--

To create data labels from information in a highlighted range, click Labels.

The highlighted range will then become a series of data labels displayed at the top of a bar, at a data point, or next to a pie slice.


Header

To create a header that prints at the top of every page, type any text and codes you want.

For information on codes, click the colored text "codes" on this page.


Footer

To create a footer that prints at the bottom of every page, type any text and codes you want.

For information on codes, click the colored text "codes" on this page.


Border

Click the borders you want to add to a highlighted cell or range of cells.  An X appears in the box when an option is chosen.

You can choose one or more border types.  For example, to place lines above and below a cell, highlight the cell and then choose both Top and Bottom.

If you highlight more than one cell and then choose Top and Bottom, Works places a border at the top and bottom of each row in the highlighted section.


Number of Copies

To specify the number of copies of your spreadsheet you want to print, type a number.

For example, if you type 3 and your spreadsheet is three pages long, Works will print nine pages altogether.  Works proposes 1 as the number of copies.


Print Range

To print the entire spreadsheet, click All.

--Or--

To print a range of pages, click Pages and then type the page numbers in the From and To boxes.


Draft Quality Printing

Click to print your document without bold, italic, and underline formatting.  An X appears in the box when this option is chosen.

Depending on your printer, Works may print faster with Draft Quality Printing chosen.


OK

To carry out the choices you've made and print the current spreadsheet, click OK or press ENTER.


Shortcuts...

On the Toolbar, click

--or--
Press CTRL+P


Page Number

When you create a header or footer to number the pages, Works assumes you want to begin with the number one.  However, if you want to combine several documents into one document, you can set the starting page number for each document so that the pages are numbered consecutively.

To change the starting page number, type the number you want.

Note:  Works will only number the pages if you have created a header or footer.  For more information, see Headers and Footers.


Size

To specify the size and proportion of the chart you are printing, click one of the three options.  To:

Print your chart the same size as it is on the screen, click Screen Size.  Charts printed using Screen Size appear in the upper left-hand corner of the printed page.

Print your chart as large as possible while retaining the same height/width proportion as on the screen., click Full Page, Keep Proportions.

Print your chart as large as possible disregarding proportion, click Full Page.


Tips for spreadsheet design
It's often easier to copy and modify an existing spreadsheet than to start from scratch.

Using names to refer to cells and ranges makes formulas easier to enter and understand.

Printing all the formulas in your spreadsheet can be valuable for future reference.

Use cell borders and blank cells to divide the spreadsheet into functional areas and make it easier to read.

Choose simple and meaningful titles and labels.

Use alignment to make your text, numbers, and layout easy to follow and understand.

Choose the appropriate font.  Use bold or italic to make important entries stand out.

Beware of clutter.  For example, formatting too many numbers with the dollar sign format or printing with gridlines in certain situations can make your spreadsheet hard to read.

Some spreadsheets, although complete in themselves, are modular and can be plugged into larger spreadsheets.  An example is an income tax table that could be used as part of a comprehensive net worth calculation.

Study the design of the templates included with Works.

Become familiar with the  built-in functions for mathematical, financial, and scientific calculations.  Besides making your formulas easier to read and understand, functions save you the time and effort of writing long, complicated formulas.

Use page layout options to help design your spreadsheet.  You can fit more on a page with narrow margins.  You can print page numbers, and label each page with a header and footer.

Use page breaks to divide your spreadsheet into well defined pages.


Functions
A function is a built-in equation you can use in a Works spreadsheet or database.  You can use functions to save time in typing what might be a complex formula.

For example, the formula AVG(Sales) uses the function AVG to compute the average value of the numbers in the range of cells named Sales.  You do not need to add or count the values in the range manually to determine the average; Works does this for you.

Works has 57 functions that can do a wide range of calculations.

Functions are most often used in spreadsheets.  However, you can also use functions in a database field.  Wherever a formula calls for a range reference as an argument, you can substitute a database field name.

For example, the function SUM is defined as:

SUM(RangeReference0, RangeReference1,...)

In the Spreadsheet, you can enter a range reference, a range name, a number, or a formula for the RangeReference.

In the Database, you can enter a field name, a number, or a formula for the RangeReference.  For example, to total the Deposit field, you type =sum(deposit) in the Total field.


Writing a function formula
Most functions consist of the function name, a set of parentheses, and one or more arguments.

Arguments are values that the function uses in its calculations.  For instance, in the function SQRT(16), SQRT is the function and 16 is the argument.  This formula produces 4, the square root of 16.

Functions and their arguments must be written in a particular way; this is called the function syntax.  Some of the

rules for function syntax are:

 An argument must be a number or an expression that results in a number.  This means that an argument can be a number, a cell or range reference, another function, or any combination, such as B1/12.

 The arguments must be separated by commas.

 The arguments of a function must be inside parentheses.

 Some functions, such as COLS, can only use a range reference or field name as an argument.  Some functions, such as FALSE( ), have no arguments.

You can also put a function inside any mathematical formula, along with arithmetic operators, operands

(numbers or values), and cell or range references.

A formula can contain one or more Works functions.


How Works evaluates a formula
Works follows standard algebraic rules to evaluate a formula.  Works evaluates:

The contents of the innermost set of parentheses first.

Operators in standard order of evaluation.  If two or more operators have the same order, Works evaluates them from left to right.

This table shows the operators and their order of evaluation:

Operator:	Order:

^ (exponential)	First

- (subtract), + (add)	Second

* (multiply), / (divide)	Third

= (equal to), <> (not equal to)	Fourth

< (less than), > (greater than),	Fifth

<= (less than or equal to), and

>= (greater than or equal to)

~ (NOT)	Sixth

| (OR), & (AND)	Seventh


Dates
Works stores a date either as a number or as text.

When a date is stored as a number

A date is stored as a single number when you type it in a format Works recognizes within the range of January 1, 1900 through June 3, 2079.  January 1, 1900 is stored as the number 1, January 2 is stored as the number 2, and so on through June 3, 2079, which is stored as the number 65534.

When a date is stored as a number, you can use the date in a formula to perform calculations.  For example, you might want to calculate the number of days elapsed.  If you type the formula ='5/30/91'-'3/1/91', Works converts the dates to numbers and solves the formula as 33388 - 33298, giving the answer 90, meaning 90 days.

If you want to see what number has been assigned to a date, type the date in a cell, highlight it, and then choose a number format such as General from the Format menu.

For information on the date formats Works recognizes, see [image] Entering and Formatting Dates and Times.

When a date is treated as text

When a date is treated as text, you cannot use the date in a formula.

A date is treated as text when you:

Type it in a format Works does not recognize.

Type it outside the range of January 1, 1900 through June 3, 2079

For example, if you enter the date 5-30-91, Works treats it as text because it does not recognize that format.  If you enter the date Dec 10, 1899, Works treats it as text because it falls outside the range of January 1, 1900 through June 3, 2019.

You can tell if an entry has been treated as text by highlighting it and then looking in the formula bar.  Works inserts a quotation mark before any entry it interprets as text, for example, "5-30-91.


Times
The Works clock begins with 12:00:00 AM and ends with 11:59:59 PM.

Works performs time calculations by assigning a decimal fraction to the hours, minutes, and seconds of the day.  12:00:00 AM is 0.0 and 11:59:59 PM is 0.999.  For example, if you enter the formula ='2:30 PM'-'8:00 AM', Works converts the times to decimal fractions and solves the formula as 0.604 - 0.333, giving the answer 0.271.

To determine how many hours have elapsed, multiply the formula by the number of hours in a day.  Enter the formula as =('2:30 PM'-'8:00 AM')*24.  Works gives the answer 6.5, meaning six and a half hours.

To determine how many minutes have elapsed, multiply the formula by the number of hours in a day, then by the number of minutes.  Enter the formula as =('2:30 PM'-'8:00 AM')*24*60.  Works gives the answer 390, meaning 390 minutes.

To determine what decimal fraction has been assigned to a time, type the time in a cell, highlight it, and then choose a number format such as General from the Format menu.


The Clipboard
When you cut or copy an entry,  it is removed from your spreadsheet and placed on the Windows Clipboard.  When you clear an entry, the entry is simply deleted, without affecting the Clipboard.

After cut information is placed on the Clipboard, you can paste that information as many times as you like into another part of your spreadsheet, another Works document, or another Windows application.  Information stays on the Clipboard until you replace it by cutting or copying different information from Works or another Windows application.


Printing tips
When a printer does not print, it is often caused by a simple mechanical problem.

If your printer does not print, make sure the printer is:

Chosen in the Printer Setup command's dialog box

Plugged in and turned on

Properly connected to your computer

Loaded with paper

Mounted with the appropriate printwheel or cartridge

Also verify that:

The cable connections at both the printer and the computer are secure.

The cable is connected to the port specified in the Printers section of the Windows Control Panel.

If your printer still does not print, restart both the computer and the printer.

If you can print your document, but it contains garbled, unreadable, or extra characters, make sure that:

The printer is chosen in the Printer Setup dialog box.

Your printer is set up according to the manufacturer's specifications.  See your printer manual.

If your document does not print with the fonts or styles you chose, one or more of the following may be the cause:

Your printer may not be able to print the chosen font or style.  Refer to your printer manual for specific information.

The correct printer may not be highlighted in the Printer Setup command's dialog box or in the Printers section of the Windows Control Panel.

You may have chosen a font or style without first highlighting the text, field, or cell you wanted to format.

Note: The best defense against printing problems is being thoroughly familiar with the operation of your printer, as well as the printing and font features of Microsoft Windows.

Related information

Printing (Spreadsheet)

Printing (Charting)


Fonts
What is a font?

A font is a set of letters, numbers, punctuation marks, and symbols that share a unified design.  Each font comes in a number of sizes measured in points.  A point is a unit of measure equal to 1/72 of an inch (one inch = 72 points).

What you see on the screen vs what you print

Works uses two different types of fonts to display and print your document:  screen fonts and printer fonts.

Screen fonts are what Works uses to display your documents on your screen.  The screen fonts that Works uses are those that were installed on your computer when Windows was installed.  If you used Windows to set up a printer, additional screen fonts may have been automatically installed, or you may have added additional screen fonts on your own.

Printer fonts are what Works uses to print your documents.  The printer fonts available to depend on the printer you are using.

When you choose a font in Works, you are actually choosing a printer font.  If Windows does not have a screen font that matches it, it substitutes the screen font that most closely resembles it.  Your document will be printed using the printer font you chose, but it may look different from what you see on your screen.

Adding extra fonts

By installing additional printer fonts, you can increase the variety you have available for printing documents.  For more information on adding extra fonts, see your printer's documentation.

Proportional vs non-proportional fonts

A proportional font is one in which characters have varying widths.  For example, in the proportional font you're reading right now, the letter "i" in the word "width" takes up must less space in a line than the letter "w".  In contrast, characters that are mono-spaced have uniform widths.  In this case the letter "i" takes up the same amount of space as the letter "w".

Landscape fonts vs portrait fonts

Probably, you most often print documents in portrait orientation.  (Portrait orientation means that your document is taller than it is wide.)  Certain fonts are designed to print sideways on the page, in landscape orientation.  (In landscape orientation, your document is wider than it is tall.)  Not all fonts can print in landscape orientation.  After you choose Landscape orientation in the Printer Setup dialog box, Works displays only those fonts in the fonts list that can print in Landscape orientation.


Spreadsheet and charting ideas
Spreadsheet and charting ideas	 1 of 16

Spreadsheet and charting ideas

Related information

Database and reporting ideas

Word Processor ideas


Operating revenues and expenses
Spreadsheet and charting ideas	 2 of 16

Operating revenues and expenses

To see the instructions, click the stars.


Student grade averages 1
Spreadsheet and charting ideas	 3 of 16

Student grade averages 1

To see the instructions, click the stars.


Student grade averages 2
Spreadsheet and charting ideas	 4 of 16

Student grade averages 2

To see the instructions, click the stars.


Break even analysis 1
Spreadsheet and charting ideas	 5 of 16

Break-even analysis 1

To see the instructions, click the stars.


Break-even analysis 2
Spreadsheet and charting ideas	 6 of 16

Break-even analysis 2

To see the instructions, click the stars.


Project management
Spreadsheet and charting ideas	 7 of 16

Project management

To see the instructions, click the stars.


Checkbook register
Spreadsheet and charting ideas	 8 of 16

Checkbook register

To see the instructions, click the stars.


Personal budget
Spreadsheet and charting ideas	 9 of 16

Personal budget

To see the instructions, click the stars.


Accounts receivable
Spreadsheet and charting ideas	 10 of 16

Accounts receivable

To see the instructions, click the stars.


Payroll calculation
Spreadsheet and charting ideas	 11 of 16

Payroll calculation

To see the instructions, click the stars.


Loan evaluation
Spreadsheet and charting ideas	 12 of 16

Loan evaluation

To see the instructions, click the stars.


Sales commission calculation
Spreadsheet and charting ideas	 13 of 16

Sales commission calculation

To see the instructions, click the stars.


Sales forecast
Spreadsheet and charting ideas	 14 of 16

Sales forecast

To see the instructions, click the stars.


Stock price tracking
Spreadsheet and charting ideas	 15 of 16

Stock price tracking

To see the instructions, click the stars.


Balance sheet
Spreadsheet and charting ideas	 16 of 16

Balance sheet

To see the instructions, click the stars.


To open a topic, click the one you want

from the indented sections of the list below.

Getting started

Creating a spreadsheet

Changing a spreadsheet's structure

Moving within a spreadsheet

Highlighting cells

Entering information

Text

Numbers

Dates and times

Formulas

Referring to a cell or range

Naming a cell or range

Functions

Function Reference

Changing information

Editing an entry

Removing entries

Copying entries

--includes movie

Moving entries

Enhancing the appearance

Changing the appearance of entries

--includes movie

Changing the screen display

Finding, Sorting, and Protecting

Finding entries

Sorting rows

Protecting entries

Printing

Headers and footers

Changing the page layout

Previewing

Printing

Working with other applications

Sharing with other applications


ABS function, how to use

Absolute reference

described

inserting, how to

ACOS function, how to use

Active window, defined

Addition

copying values, how to

moving values, how to

Alignment

changing

described

how to

overview

clearing entries, effect

column after printing, how to correct

cutting entries, effect

general alignment

headers/footers

described

how to

template

Alphabetizing records   (See Sorting rows)

AND operator in formulas, background

ANSI file   (See Text file)

Appearance of text

aligning   (See Alignment)

bold/italic/underline   (See Style)

font   (See Font)

lesson:  Formatting a spreadsheet

overview

Arranging

icons, how to

spreadsheet information

moving   (See Moving information)

sorting   (See Sorting rows)

Ascending order   (See Sorting rows)

ASCII file   (See Text file)

ASIN function, how to use

Asterisk (*)

multiplication operator, background

wildcard symbol

ATAN function, how to use

ATAN2 function, how to use

Audio check

Automatic dialing   (See Dialing phone numbers)

AVG function, how to use


Backup copy, how to create

Blank row/column

described

inserting, how to

Blank spreadsheet

Boilerplate text   (See Template)

Bold   (See Style)

Border

cell border   (See Cell border)

gridlines   (See Gridlines)


Calculating

elapsed days

elapsed time

formulas

functions

manually

described

how to

turning on/off, how to

simultaneously

with copy transfer

with move transfer

Calendar, range of dates available

Canceling

automatic dialing, how to

dialog box and command

keyboard method, how to

mouse method, how to

formula, how to

print preview, how to

Cascading windows

described

how to

Cell

copying information

to another application, effect

to another application, how to

deleting

removing entry and formatting   (See Cutting entries)

removing entry while retaining formatting   (See Clearing entries)

entering information

described

how to

formulas, showing/hiding

described

how to

Cell continued...

highlighting   (See Highlighting)

locking/unlocking

how to

overview

moving entries   (See Moving information)

name   (See Name)

protecting

all cells, how to

overview

some cells, how to

turning off, how to

range   (See Range of cells)

references   (See Reference)

types of entries

Cell border

adjoining cells

changing

how to

overview

copying to other Works tools, effect

described

moving to other Works tools, effect

Centering information

changing, how to

header/footer code, how to use

Centimeters, as unit of measure

changing, how to

described

Changing information   (See Editing)

Character formatting

bold/italic/underline   (See Style)

font and point size   (See Font)

Charting tool, described

CHOOSE function, how to use

Circular reference

Clearing entries

cutting and clearing compared

how to

lesson:  Changing your Spreadsheet

Clipboard

background reading

pasting

copied information, how to

moved information, how to

Closing

document in Works

(See also Saving)

described

how to

panes in window, how to

Codes for header/footer, how to use

COLS function, how to use

Column

alignment after printing, how to correct

blank, inserting

described

how to

changing

comparing columns

copying

deleting

described

how to

Column continued...

hiding

described

how to

highlighting, how to

lesson:  Changing your spreadsheet

moving

(See also Moving information)

described

how to

searching

described

how to

Column continued...

showing

described

how to

sorting rows

described

how to

titles

freezing, described

freezing, how to

printing, described

Column continued...

vertical page break

deleting, how to

inserting, how to

width

cell borders, effect of changing

changing/setting, how to

described

Comma (,) in functions

Comma format

applying, how to

described

Commands

choosing, how to

illustrated

lessons

Getting to work

Using the keyboard

Using the mouse

overview

protected spreadsheet, effect

Comparing columns

Consecutive page numbers

described

starting page, setting/changing

described

how to

Consolidating entries

copying values only

moving values only

Control-menu box, illustrated

Converting

files from another application

described

how to

Works file to another application

described

how to

Copying

columns

consolidating entries

described

filling down/filling right

described

filling down, how to

filling right, how to

formulas

absolute reference, effect

described

mixed reference, effect

relative reference, effect

to other Works tools

Copying continued...

how to

lessons

Copying cells

Introducing the tools together

Sharing information with other applications

linking entries to word processor tool

movie

overview

rows

to another application

described

how to and effect on formulas

Copying continued...

to other Works tools

database tool, how to

described and effect on formatting

linked spreadsheet entries, effect

word processor tool, how to

values

described

how to

to other Works tools

Correcting mistakes   (See Editing)

COS function, how to use

COUNT function, how to use

Country settings

changing, how to

overview

Creating

document in Works

described

overview

lessons

Changing your spreadsheet

Entering text and numbers

Introducing the Spreadsheet

Introducing the tools together

Putting it all together

Creating continued...

spreadsheet

altering rows/columns

described

designing   (See Designing a spreadsheet)

how to

overview

template

described

how to

CTERM function, how to use

Currency format

applying, how to

described

international settings

Cutting entries

(See also Moving information)

cutting and clearing compared

described

lesson:  Changing your Spreadsheet

range of entries, how to

single entry, how to


Database tool

copying spreadsheet information to

described

how to

described

moving spreadsheet information to

described

how to

Date

##### displayed, how to correct

background reading

current

described

entering, how to

entering

described

how to

formatting

described

header/footer codes, how to enter

how to

long and short formats, how to change

Date continued...

formulas, performing calculations

international settings

changing, how to

overview

lesson:  Entering text and numbers

number and text formats compared, background

overview

printing in header/footer, how to enter code

series

described

entering, how to

entering, described

updating, how to

DATE function, how to use

DAY function, how to use

dBASE   (See Text file)

DDB function, how to use

Decimal fraction time display, background

Deleting

entries

removing entry and formatting   (See Cutting entries)

removing entry while retaining formatting   (See Clearing entries)

headers/footers, how to

lesson:  Changing your Spreadsheet

name from cell or range

described

how to

page breaks

described

how to

panes in window, how to

rows/columns

described

how to

Descending order   (See Sorting rows)

Designing a spreadsheet

altering rows/columns

described

footer   (See Footer)

header   (See Header)

margins   (See Margin)

overview

page break   (See Page break)

page size

changing, described

changing, how to

protecting   (See Protecting spreadsheet information)

tips, background reading

Dialing phone numbers

canceling, how to

changing settings, how to

described

how to use

overview

Dialog box

described

overview

using

keyboard, how to

mouse, how to

Displaying

columns

described

how to

formulas

described

how to

gridlines

described

how to

Displaying continued...

headers/footers

status bar, how to

text exceeding width of cell

Toolbar, how to

Dividing (splitting) a window

document in Works

how to

removing split, how to

spreadsheet window

Division (/) in formulas, background

Document

closing

described

how to

overview

creating

described

overview

lessons

Getting to work

Working with files

naming

described

how to

number of characters allowed

overview

Document continued...

opening

described

how to

overview

preventing changes, how to

saving

described

how to

overview

template

creating, how to

described

editing, how to

turning on/off, how to

Document window

described

status bar/Toolbar, how to show and hide

Dollar sign ($)

absolute references

number format, how to assign

Draft quality printing, how to select

Duplicating   (See Copying)


Editing

entries

entire entry, described

entire entry, how to

partial entry, described

partial entry, how to

lesson:  Changing your Spreadsheet

overview

Elapsed days, calculating

background reading

described

Elapsed time, calculating

background reading

described

Emphasizing text   (See Style)

Ending preview, how to

Enlarging a window, how to

Entering

date   (See Date)

formulas   (See Formula)

information in cell

described

how to

numbers   (See Number)

text

described

how to

range, how to

time   (See Time)

Equal sign (=)

formulas

formula identifier, how to assign

mathematical operator, background

relative references

Equation   (See Formula)

Erasing

entry and formatting   (See Cutting entries)

entry while retaining formatting   (See Clearing entries)

ERR displayed in cells, how to correct

ERR function, how to use

Exchanging information

other applications   (See Sharing information with other applications)

Works tools   (See Sharing information between Works tools)

Exiting Microsoft Works for Windows

described

how to

EXP function, how to use

Exponential format

applying, how to

described

displayed, how to correct

Exponentiation (^) in formulas, background


FALSE function, how to use

File   (See Document)

Filename

extension

printing in header/footer, how to

Filling down/filling right

described

filling down, how to

filling right, how to

Financial functions

described

overview

Finding (searching)

described

formulas

described

how to

hidden column, effect

how to

overview

repeating search, how to

wildcard symbols

First page header/footer, preventing from printing

described

how to

Fixed format

applying, how to

described

Font

changing

described

how to

overview

printing limitations in landscape orientation, how to correct

saving formatting to template

Footer

creating, how to

deleting, how to

described

displaying

lesson:  Page layout and printing

margins and placement in document

adjusting, described

adjusting, how to

bottom page margin, relationship

Footer continued...

overview

preventing from printing

all pages, how to

described

first page, how to

previewing

described

how to

overview

Footer continued...

printing

codes, how to use

described

saving to template

starting page   (See Starting page)

Formatting

alignment   (See Alignment)

characters

bold/italic/underline   (See Style)

font and point size   (See Font)

clearing entries, effect

copying information

to another application, effect

to other Works tools, effect

cutting entries, effect

Formatting continued...

date

changing format, how to

described

entering, how to

long and short format codes, how to use

number and text formats compared, background

footers   (See Footer)

headers   (See Header)

lesson:  Formatting a spreadsheet

locking/protecting cells, effect

margins   (See Margin)

movie

Formatting continued...

moving information

to another application, effect

to other Works tools, effect

numbers

#### displayed in field, how to correct

available formats

printing without, how to

saving spreadsheet as text file, effect

saving to template

time

changing format, how to

described

how to

Formula

background reading

canceling, how to

cell name

changing, effect on formula

deleting, effect on formula

cell references

described

how to

circular reference

Formula continued...

copying

absolute reference, effect

mixed reference, effect

relative reference, effect

to another application, described

to another application, how to

to other Works tools

date used in calculation

deleting rows/columns, how to correct ERR display

described

Formula continued...

displaying

cell, described

cell, how to

formula bar

elapsed days, calculating

elapsed time, calculating

entering

described

how to

equal sign (=)

formula identifier, how to assign

mathematical operator, background

Formula continued...

functions   (See Function)

functions reference  (See Function reference)

hiding

described

how to

lesson:  Adding formulas and functions

moving

described

to another application, described

to another application, how to

to other Works tools

Formula continued...

overview

saving spreadsheet as text file, effect

searching

described

how to

showing

described

how to

time used in calculation

Formula bar, editing entries

displayed in window

editing entries

(See also Editing)

described

how to

Fractions, how to enter

Freezing row/column titles

described

how to

printing

Function

available functions   (See Function reference)

background reading

described

how to use in formula

lesson:  Adding formulas and functions

overview

searching in formulas

described

how to

writing, background and syntax rules

Function reference

date and time functions

financial functions

information functions

logical functions

lookup functions

mathematical functions

overview of functions

statistical functions

trigonometric functions

FV function, how to use


General alignment

General format

applying, how to

described

numbers

Go to cell or range

described

how to

Greater than or equal to symbol (>=) in formulas, background

Greater than symbol (>) in formulas, background

Gridlines

hiding/showing

described

how to

printing

described

how to


Hard page break   (See Page break)

Header

creating, how to

deleting, how to

described

displaying

lesson:  Page layout and printing

margins and placement in document

adjusting, described

adjusting, how to

top page margin, relationship

Header continued...

overview

preventing from printing

all pages, how to

described

first page, how to

previewing

described

how to

overview

Header continued...

printing

codes, how to use

described

saving to template

starting page   (See Starting page)

Help basics

movies

Getting around Help

Welcome to Help

Working strategies

overview

Hidden column

displaying, how to

search effect

Hiding

columns

described

how to

formulas

described

how to

gridlines

described

how to

preventing from printing

Hiding continued...

labels, preventing from printing

status bar

described

how to

Toolbar

described

how to

Highlighting

canceling, how to

cells, how to

columns, how to

overview

range of cells, how to

rows, how to

spreadsheet, how to

HLOOKUP function, how to use

Horizontal lines

cell border   (See Cell border)

gridlines   (See Gridlines)

Horizontal page break

deleting, how to

inserting, how to

Horizontal page orientation   (See Landscape orientation)

Horizontal split bar, illustrated

Horizontal window split

(See also Window panes)

inserting, how to

removing, how to

HOUR function, how to use

Hours elapsed in a project

background reading

calculating


Icon

arranging, how to

minimizing/restoring document window

described

how to

Ideas for creating Works documents

IF function, how to use

Inches, as unit of measure

changing, how to

described

Increments

date series

entering, how to

number series

INDEX function, how to use

Inserting

blank rows/columns

described

how to

date   (See Date)

page breaks

described

how to

time   (See Time)

INT function, how to use

International settings

changing, how to

overview

IRR function, how to use

ISERR function, how to use

ISNA function, how to use

Italic   (See Style)


Jumping to cell or range

described

how to


Keyboard

dialog box, how to use

moving around in spreadsheet

(See also Moving around)

described

how to

shortcut for commands, illustrated


Labels (row/column), printing

described

how to

Landscape orientation

described

font limitations, how to correct

Layout   (See Page Layout)

Leading zero format

applying, how to

described

Learning Microsoft Works for Windows

lesson:  How to learn Works

lesson:  What you need to know about computers

Left alignment

changing, how to

described

header/footer text, how to create

Legal size page, how to select

Less than or equal to symbol (<=) in formulas, background

Less than symbol (<) in formulas, background

Lessons

When you click on one of the lesson titles listed below, the lesson will begin playing immediately.  When it is finished, you can find more information and instructions on how to perform a task by clicking on the See also reference that follows the lesson title.

Adding formulas and functions

(See also Formula)

(See also Function)

Changing your spreadsheet

(See also Clearing entries)

(See also Column)

(See also Creating)

(See also Cutting entries)

(See also Deleting)

(See also Editing)

(See also Moving information)

(See also Row)

Copying cells

(See also Copying)

Lessons continued...

described

Entering text and numbers

(See also Creating)

(See also Date)

(See also Number)

(See also Text)

(See also Time)

Formatting a spreadsheet

(See also Formatting)

Getting to work

(See also Commands)

(See also Document)

Lessons continued...

How to learn Works

(See also Learning Microsoft Works for Windows)

Introducing the Spreadsheet

(See also Creating)

Introducing the tools together

(See also Copying)

(See also Creating)

(See also Moving information)

(See also Tools)

overview

Lessons continued...

Page layout and printing

(See also Footer)

(See also Header)

(See also Margin)

(See also Page break)

(See also Previewing)

(See also Printing)

Putting it all together

(See also Creating)

Sharing information

(See also Copying)

(See also Moving information)

(See also Sharing information with other applications)

Lessons continued...

starting, how to

What you need to know about computers

(See also Learning Microsoft Works for Windows)

Working with files

(See also Document)

Working with windows

(See also Window)

Using the keyboard

(See also Commands)

Using the mouse

(See also Commands)

Lines

cell border   (See Cell border)

gridlines   (See Gridlines)

Lining up text   (See Alignment)

Linking entries to word processor tool

List of cell/range names

creating, how to

described

List separator, international settings

LN function, how to use

Locking cells

LOG function, how to use

Logical functions

described

overview

Logical operators, background

Long format for date

described and how to enter

header/footer codes, how to use

Lotus 1-2-3   (See Text file)


Magnifying page in preview, how to

Manual calculation

described

how to use

turning on/off, how to

Manual page break   (See Page break)

Margin

adjusting

described

how to

header/footer

described

how to

relationship to page margin

lesson:  Page layout and printing

previewing

how to

overview

saving to template

Mathematical functions

described

overview

Mathematical operators used in formulas, background

MAX function, how to use

Maximize box, illustrated

Menu, illustrated

Menu bar

illustrated

Works window

Microsoft Excel, how to save for use in Works

Microsoft Works for Windows

charting tool

database tool

help movies

Getting around Help

Welcome to Help

Working strategies

overview of tools

quitting

described

how to

Microsoft Works for Windows continued...

reporting tool

sharing information between tools

spreadsheet tool

starting

described

from MS-DOS, how to

from Windows, how to

last workspace arrangement displayed, described

last workspace arrangement displayed, how to

overview

word processor tool

MIN function, how to use

Minimize box, illustrated

Minimizing a window to an icon

described

how to

MINUTE function, how to use

Minutes elapsed in a project, background reading

Mistakes, correcting   (See Editing)

Mixed reference

described

inserting, how to

MOD function, how to use

Modem, dialing phone numbers

changing settings, how to

described

how to

MONTH function, how to use

More than or equal to symbol (>=) in formulas, background

More than symbol (>) in formulas, background

Mouse

dialog box, how to use

moving around in spreadsheet

(See also Moving around)

described

how to

Movies

When you click on one of the movie titles listed below, the movie will begin playing immediately.  When it is finished, you can find more information and instructions on how to perform a task by clicking on the See also reference that follows the movie title.

Changing the appearance of entries

(See also Formatting)

Copying entries

(See also Copying)

Getting around Help

(See also Help basics)

(See also Microsoft Works for Windows)

Movies continued...

Welcome to Help

(See also Help basics)

(See also Microsoft Works for Windows)

Working strategies

(See also Help basics)

(See also Microsoft Works for Windows)

Moving

dialog boxes

keyboard method, how to

mouse method, how to

information   (See Moving information)

windows, how to

Moving around

between panes, how to

going to cell or range

adjacent cells, how to

described

frozen rows/columns

how to

keyboard method

described

how to

Moving around continued...

locked/unlocked cells

mouse method

described

how to

overview

preview document, how to

scroll bars

Moving information

columns, how to

consolidating entries

entries

described

how to

references, effect

formulas

described

to other Works tools

lessons

Changing your spreadsheet

Introducing the tools together

Sharing information

Moving information continued...

overview

rows, how to

to another application

described and effect on formatting

how to

to other Works tools

described and effect on formatting

how to

values

described

how to

to another application

to other Works tools

Multiplication in formulas, background


NA function, how to use

Name

cell or range

changing reference, described

changing reference, how to

deleting, described

deleting, how to

described

how to name

list of names and references, how to create

list of names and references, described

multiple names

overview

range, how to name

reference and name compared

Name continued...

document in Works

described

how to

number of characters allowed

overview

spreadsheet

described

how to

number of characters allowed

New spreadsheet

creating, how to

described

overview

Non-proportional fonts

Not equal to symbol (<>) in formulas, background

NOT operator (~) in formulas, background

NOW function, how to use

NPV function, how to use

Number

##### displayed in cell, how to correct

alignment

changing, how to

preset

entering

described

how to

range, how to

Number continued...

formatting

international settings

changing, how to

overview

lesson:  Entering text and numbers

overview

series

described

entering, how to

increments

Numbering pages

printing in header/footer, how to enter code

starting page

changing, how to

described

setting

Numerical order   (See Sorting rows)


Opening a file

document in Works

described

how to

overview

from another application

described

how to

new spreadsheet file

creating, how to

described

overview

Operators used in formulas, background

OR (|) operator in formulas, background

Organizing records

moving   (See Moving information)

sorting   (See Sorting rows)

Other applications

copying information to

described

how to

moving information to

described

how to

Other applications continued...

opening files from another application

described

how to

saving Works spreadsheet for another application

described

how to


Page break

deleting

described

how to

inserting

described

how to

lesson:  Page layout and printing

previewing

Page layout

footer   (See Footer)

header   (See Header)

margins   (See Margin)

orientation

changing, how to

described

Page layout continued...

overview

page break   (See Page break)

page size

changing, described

changing, how to

Page margins   (See Margin)

Page number

printing in header/footer, how to enter code

starting page

changing, how to

described

setting

Page preview   (See Previewing)

Page size, how to change

Panes in window

moving between, how to

removing, how to

splitting window

described

how to

Parentheses  ()  in arguments

Parts of a window

Pasting

copied information, how to

moved information, how to

Percent format

applying, how to

described

Percent sign (%) as number format, how to assign

Phone numbers, dialing

canceling, how to

changing settings, how to

described

how to

overview

PI function, how to use

Picas, as unit of measure

changing, how to

described

Placement of header/footer

described

how to

PMT function, how to use

Points

point size   (See Font)

unit of measure

changing, how to

described

Portrait orientation, how to select

Positioning information

aligning   (See Alignment)

header/footer   (See Placement of header/footer)

moving   (See Moving information)

Power loss, effect on unsaved work

Practicing with Microsoft Works for Windows   (See Lessons)

Preventing

automatic calculations

changes to form   (See Protecting spreadsheet information)

column from printing

header/footer from printing

all pages, how to

described

first pages, how to

Previewing

canceling, how to

headers/footers

described

how to

how to

lesson:  Page layout and printing

overview

Print preview   (See Previewing)

Printer

choosing, how to

overview

Printing

described

draft quality, how to

font limitations in landscape orientation, how to correct

gridlines

headers/footers

described

how to

preventing on all pages, how to

preventing on first page, how to

Printing continued...

horizontally on the page (landscape), how to

how to

labels (row/column)

lesson:  Page layout and printing

multiple copies, how to

orientation

changing, how to

described

overview

page number   (See Page number)

Printing continued...

page range

described

how to

page size

changing, how to

described

paper size, how to select

previewed document, how to

printer   (See Printer)

problems, background reading

Printing continued...

range of cells, how to

row/column titles

settings stored on template

specific pages

described

how to

text

bottom of page   (See Footer)

top of page   (See Header)

vertically on the page (portrait), how to

Protecting spreadsheet information

cells

all cells, how to

some cells, how to

commands, effect

overview

turning off, how to

PV function, how to use


Question mark (?) as wildcard symbol

Quitting Microsoft Works for Windows

described

how to

Quotation mark ("), how to designate text entries


RAND function, how to use

Range name, searching

described

how to

Range of cells

copying

entering numbers, how to

entering text, how to

highlighting, how to

going to

described

how to

moving

described

how to

Range of cells continued...

name   (See Name)

printing

described

how to

removing entries

cutting and clearing compared

overview

series of entries, how to

single or range, how to

searching, how to

specifying

Range reference

RATE function, how to use

Read only document, how to assign

Reducing a window

described

minimizing to an icon, how to

moving borders, how to

Reference

absolute reference

described

inserting, how to

circular reference

deleted rows/columns, effect

described

going to

mixed reference

described

inserting, how to

name and reference compared

overview

Reference continued...

range reference

relative reference

copying entries, effect

described

moving entries, effect

searching in formulas

described

how to

using in formulas

described

how to

Relative reference

copying entries, effect

described

moving entries, effect

Removing (deleting)

entries

entry and formatting   (See Cutting entries)

entry while retaining formatting   (See Clearing entries)

headers/footers, how to

name from cell or range

described

how to

page breaks

described

how to

panes in window, how to

style formats, how to

Reordering spreadsheet information

moving   (See Moving information)

sorting   (See Sorting rows)

Repeating

alignment, how to

search, how to

style, how to

Replacing entries

described

how to

Reporting tool, described

Repositioning information   (See Moving information)

Restoring a window from an icon, how to

Revising   (See Editing)

Right alignment

changing, how to

described

header/footer text, how to create

ROUND function, how to use

Row

blank, inserting

described

how to

changing

copying

deleting

described

how to

Row continued...

highlighting, how to

horizontal page break

deleting, how to

inserting, how to

lesson:  Changing your spreadsheet

moving

described

how to

Row continued...

searching, how to

sorting

described

how to

titles

freezing, described

freezing, how to

printing, described

ROWS function, how to use

Running head   (See Header)


Safeguarding spreadsheet   (See Protecting spreadsheet information)

Saving

backup copy, how to

document in Works

described

how to

overview

spreadsheet as template

spreadsheet as text file

described

how to

spreadsheet as Works file

described

how to

Screen display

(See also Window panes)

gaining more screen space

gridlines

described

hiding/showing, how to

overview

Scroll bar, illustrated

Scrolling

described

keyboard method

mouse method

described

how to

Searching

described

formulas

described

how to

hidden column, effect

how to

overview

repeating, how to

wildcard symbols

SECOND function, how to use

Selecting (highlighting)

canceling, how to

cells, how to

columns, how to

overview

range of cells, how to

rows, how to

spreadsheet, how to

Sequential dates

Series

dates

described

entering, how to

numbers

described

entering, how to

Sharing information between Works tools

described

lesson:  Sharing information

Sharing information with other applications

copying information to another application, effect

described

how to

lesson:  Sharing information

moving information to another application, effect

described

how to

overview

saving spreadsheet as text file

described

how to

Short format for dates

described and how to enter

header/footer codes, how to use

Showing

columns

described

how to

formulas

described

how to

Showing continued...

gridlines

described

how to

headers/footers

status bar, how to

text exceeding width of cell

Toolbar, how to

SIN function, how to use

Single quotation mark (') in formulas

Size of cell (width)

changing/setting, how to

described

Sizing a window by moving borders, how to

SLN function, how to use

Sorting rows

described

how to

overview

Sound check

Space, inserting blank rows/columns

Split bars, illustrated

Splitting a window

document in Works

how to

removing, how to

spreadsheet

Spreadsheet tool, described

SQRT function, how to use

Starting

Microsoft Works for Windows

described

from MS-DOS, how to

from Windows, how to

last workspace arrangement displayed, described

last workspace arrangement displayed, how to

overview

new spreadsheet

creating, how to

described

overview

tutorial, how to

Starting page

changing, how to

described

setting

Startup dialog box, how to use

Statistical functions

described

overview

Status bar

background reading

hiding/showing

described

how to

Works window

STD function, how to use

Style

changing

described

how to

clearing entries, effect

cutting entries, effect

overview

printing without, how to

removing, how to

repeating, how to

Subtracting values

during copy, how to

during move, how to

Subtraction in formulas, background

SUM function, how to use

Suppressing header/footer

all pages, how to

described

first page, how to

SYD function, how to use

Syntax for functions, background


TAN function, how to use

Telephone numbers, dialing

canceling, how to

changing settings, how to

described

how to use

overview

Template

creating, how to

described

editing, how to

saving spreadsheet as

turning on/off, how to

TERM function, how to use

Text

alignment   (See Alignment)

appearance, changing

lesson:  Entering text and numbers

lesson:  Formatting a spreadsheet

overview

defined

emphasizing   (See Style)

entering

described

how to

exceeds width of cell

Text continued...

finding

described

how to

overview

printed at bottom of page   (See Footer)

printed at top of page   (See Header)

range, how to enter

types of entries

Text file

opening as Works spreadsheet

described

how to

saving Works spreadsheet as

described

how to

Tiling windows

described

how to

Time

##### displayed, how to correct

12-hour/24-hour formats, how to select

background reading

current

described

entering, how to

entering

described

how to

Time continued...

formatting

described

how to

formula, performing calculations

international settings

changing, how to

overview

lesson:  Entering text and numbers

overview

printing in header/footer, how to

updating, how to

TIME function, how to use

Title

freezing

described

how to

printing

Title bar, illustrated

Toolbar

background reading

showing/hiding, how to

Works window

Tools

charting tool

database tool

lesson:  Introducing the tools together

overview

reporting tool

sharing information between Works tools

spreadsheet tool

word processor tool

Tracking cell/range names

Trigonometric functions

described

overview

TRUE function, how to use

True/false format

applying, how to

described

Tutorial

described

lessons   (See Lessons)

overview

starting, how to

Typeface   (See Font)

Typing information   (See Entering)


Underline   (See Style)

Unlocking cells

how to

overview

Updating date/time, how to


Value

adding

during copy, how to

during move, how to

copying

to other Works tools, effect

within spreadsheet, described

within spreadsheet, how to

Value continued...

finding

described

how to

overview

moving

to other Works tools, effect

within spreadsheet, described

within spreadsheet, how to

subtracting

during copy, how to

during move, how to

VAR function, how to use

Vertical lines

cell border   (See Cell border)

gridlines   (See Gridlines)

Vertical page break

deleting, how to

inserting, how to

Vertical page orientation   (See Portrait orientation)

Vertical split bar, illustrated

Vertical window split

inserting, how to

removing, how to

VLOOKUP function, how to use

Volume check


Width of column

cell borders, effect of changing column width

changing/setting, how to

described

Wildcard symbols

Window

arranging multiple

described

saving arrangement, described

saving arrangement, how to

cascading

described

how to

Window continued...

icon

arranging, how to

described

minimizing/restoring document window, how to

illustrated

lesson:  Working with windows

moving

described

how to

moving around within

number of documents open at once

parts

Window continued...

sizing by moving borders, how to

splitting

described

how to

tiling

described

how to

Works window

Window panes (spreadsheet window)

described

moving between, how to

removing, how to

splitting window, how to

Word processor tool

copying to

described

how to

described

linking entries to

moving information to

described

how to

Works window

Workspace

described

saving, how to


YEAR function, how to use


Zeros, leading   (See Leading zero format)

Zooming page in preview, how to